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Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Abstract

Obesity leads to several chronic morbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension, which are major components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Low-grade inflammation has been identified as a key factor in the development of MetS features affecting obese subjects. Several studies have proposed beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for the prevention and amelioration of MetS features. In this chapter, we will focus on reviewing randomized, controlled trials that evaluate the effects of supplementation with marine-derived EPA and DHA on weight loss, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and inflammation in overweight/obese subjects with MetS characteristics. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs may be an interesting therapy to reduce hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension, while the ability of n-3 PUFAs to promote weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and changes in cholesterol metabolism in patients with MetS remains controversial. The role of n-3 PUFAs-derived proresolving lipid mediators such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins in MetS is also discussed.

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Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under curve

CAVI:

Cardio-ankle vascular index

CETP:

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

EE:

Ethyl ester

FBI:

Fasting blood insulin

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

FFA:

Free fatty acids

FMD:

Flow-mediated dilatation

HbA1c:

Glycosylated hemoglobin

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

ICAM-1:

intracellular adhesion molecule 1

IDL:

Intermediate-density lipoprotein

IL:

Interleukin

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

sdLDL:

Small-density LDL

PWV:

Pulse wave velocity

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

n-3 PUFAs:

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

RLP:

Remnant lipoprotein particle

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

TG:

Triglycerides

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TNFR:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor

TRL:

Triglyceride rich lipoprotein

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

VLDL:

Very-low-density lipoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    Ana Elsa Huerta, Laura M. Laiglesia, Leyre Martínez-Fernández & Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga

  2. Centre for Nutrition Research. Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea St., 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    Ana Elsa Huerta, Laura M. Laiglesia, Leyre Martínez-Fernández & Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga

  3. Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

    Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga

  4. Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain

    Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga

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  1. Ana Elsa Huerta
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  1. Real Nutrition Laboratory, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Real Nutrition Laboratory, Dhankawadi, India

    Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde

  2. Center for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Dhankawadi Pune, India

    Anand Arvind Zanwar

  3. Western IRB Medical Vice Chair, Puyallup, Washington, USA

    Sharad P. Adekar

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Huerta, A.E., Laiglesia, L.M., Martínez-Fernández, L., Moreno-Aliaga, M.J. (2016). Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome. In: Hegde, M., Zanwar, A., Adekar, S. (eds) Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_14

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