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PACAP and Neural Development

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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

Abstract

Brain development is a complex process, controlled in part by locally secreted factors that regulate proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and maturation. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that exerts a wide range of effects on different cell types in the brain as early as fetal stage. PACAP and its receptors are expressed in germinative neuroepithelia, suggesting that PACAP may be involved in neurogenesis. PACAP has recently been shown to regulate cell fate in various developmental contexts, in a manner dependent on dose, region, signaling, and receptor subtype. Interestingly, germ cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells also express PACAP receptors, and PACAP plays a crucial role in their development. This chapter reviews current knowledge on several aspects of PACAP in neural development, including adult neurogenesis and developmental neural diseases.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

DCX:

Doublecortin

DISC1:

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1

EB:

Embryoid body

ES cell:

Embryonic stem cell

FF:

Follicular fluid

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

iPS cell:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

ISH:

In situ hybridization

NB:

Northern blot

NeuN:

Neuronal nuclei

OB:

Olfactory bulb

PAC1R-LI:

PAC1R-like immunoreactivity

PACAP:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

PACAP-LI:

PACAP-like immunoreactivity

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PGC:

Primordial germ cell

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PTSD:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

RE:

Rostral extension

RMS:

Rostral migratory stream

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

WB:

Western blot

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biotechnology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan

    Jun Watanabe

  2. Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Jun Watanabe & Tamotsu Seki

  3. Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Seiji Shioda

Authors
  1. Jun Watanabe
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  2. Tamotsu Seki
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  3. Seiji Shioda
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Correspondence to Jun Watanabe .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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Watanabe, J., Seki, T., Shioda, S. (2016). PACAP and Neural Development. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_6

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