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Rehabilitation and Health Care Robotics

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Springer Handbook of Robotics

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Abstract

The field of rehabilitation robotics considers robotic systems that 1) provide therapy for persons seeking to recover their physical, social, communication, or cognitive function, and/or that 2) assist persons who have a chronic disability to accomplish activities of daily living. This chapter will discuss these two main domains and provide descriptions of the major achievements of the field over its short history and chart out the challenges to come. Specifically, after providing background information on demographics (Sect. 64.1.2) and history (Sect. 64.1.3) of the field, Sect. 64.2 describes physical therapy and exercise training robots, and Sect. 64.3 describes robotic aids for people with disabilities. Section 64.4 then presents recent advances in smart prostheses and orthoses that are related to rehabilitation robotics. Finally, Sect. 64.5 provides an overview of recent work in diagnosis and monitoring for rehabilitation as well as other health-care issues. The reader is referred to Chap. 73 for cognitive rehabilitation robotics and to Chap. 65 for robotic smart home technologies, which are often considered assistive technologies for persons with disabilities. At the conclusion of the present chapter, the reader will be familiar with the history of rehabilitation robotics and its primary accomplishments, and will understand the challenges the field may face in the future as it seeks to improve health care and the well being of persons with disabilities.

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Abbreviations

ADL:

activities for daily living

ALEX:

active leg exoskeleton

ARM:

assistive robot service manipulator

BCI:

brain-computer interface

BI:

brain imaging

BWSTT:

body-weight supported treadmill training

CEA:

Atomic Energy Commission

COM:

center of mass

CP:

cerebral palsy

DC:

direct current

DOF:

degree of freedom

DSO:

Defense Sciences Office

EEG:

electroencephalography

EMG:

electromyography

EPP:

extended physiological proprioception

ES:

electrical stimulation

EU:

European Union

EVRYON:

evolving morphologies for human–robot symbiotic interaction

fMRI:

functional magnetic resonance imaging

FNS:

functional neural stimulation

IWS:

intelligent wheelchair system

LENAR:

lower extremity nonanthropomorphic robot

LOPES:

lower extremity powered exoskeleton

MEG:

magnetoencephalography

MIME:

mirror image motion enabler

mirror image movement enhancer

MIMICS:

multimodal immersive motion rehabilitation with interactive cognitive system

MIT:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

NIDRR:

National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research

NIRS:

near infrared spectroscopy

NIST:

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NOAH:

navigation and obstacle avoidance help

NRI:

national robotics initiative

OxIM:

Oxford intelligent machine

P&O:

prosthetics and orthotic

ProVAR:

professional vocational assistive robot

RERC:

Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center

rTMS:

repetitive TMS

SCI:

spinal cord injury

SEA:

series elastic actuator

tDCS:

transcranial direct current stimulation

TMS:

transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, BC V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada

    H.F. Machiel Van der Loos

  2. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, CA 92697-3875, Irvine, USA

    David J. Reinkensmeyer

  3. Faculty Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Eugenio Guglielmelli

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  1. H.F. Machiel Van der Loos
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  3. Eugenio Guglielmelli
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Correspondence to H.F. Machiel Van der Loos .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy

    Bruno Siciliano

  2. Department of Computer Sciences, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, CA 94305, Stanford, USA

    Oussama Khatib

Video-References

Video-References

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The WREX exoskeleton available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/499

:

MIT Manus robotic therapy robot and other robots from the MIT group available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/496

:

MANUS assistive robot available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/500

:

The ArmeoSpring therapy exoskeleton available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/502

:

Lokomat available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/503

:

Gait Trainer GT 1 available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/504

:

Kineassist available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/505

:

Ekso available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/507

:

ReWalk available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/508

:

HAL available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/509

:

Indego available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/510

:

REX available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/511

:

Targetted reinnervation and the DEKA arm available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/513

:

PAM available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/515

:

The Arm Guide available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/494

:

ARMin plus HandSOME robotic therapy system available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/497

:

BONES and SUE exoskeletons for robotic therapy available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/498

:

The MIME rehabilitation therapy robot available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/495

:

Handsome exoskeleton available from http://handbookofrobotics.org/view-chapter/64/videodetails/568

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Van der Loos, H.M., Reinkensmeyer, D.J., Guglielmelli, E. (2016). Rehabilitation and Health Care Robotics. In: Siciliano, B., Khatib, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Robotics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32552-1_64

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