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Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hydrocephalus Associated with Spinal Tumors

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Pediatric Hydrocephalus

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Abstract

Spinal cord tumors are relatively rare in the pediatric population, comprising only 6–10% of all central nervous system tumors in this group. Hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension, in the context of spinal cord tumors, is a rare but well-documented association. A detailed analysis of all the cases reported in the literature shows that there are probably several pathophysiological mechanisms at the origin of hydrocephalus associated with spinal tumors, with significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. Hydrocephalus associated with intramedullary lesions is more frequently associated with leptomeningeal seeding, both in low-grade and high-grade lesions, and tends to be permanent, whereas in case of extramedullary lesions, the pathophysiology is still not clear, but in this group, hydrocephalus tends to disappear following tumor removal and does not require CSF diversion procedures. Therapeutic implications suggest to avoid permanent shunting procedures in case of extramedullary lesions, whereas in case of intramedullary lesion, every effort should be done in order to rule out the existence of possible intracranial seeding.

E. Leone: deceased.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Alessia Imperato, Ursula Ferrara, Pietro Spennato & Giuseppe Cinalli

  2. Department of Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Maria Consiglio Buonocore

  3. Department of Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Lucia Quaglietta

  4. Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Vittoria D’Onofrio

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, Australia

    Helen Maroulis

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli

  2. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    M. Memet Ozek

  3. Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

    Christian Sainte-Rose

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  1. Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France

    Christian Sainte-Rose

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey

    M. Memet Özek

  3. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery and Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Cinalli

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Imperato, A. et al. (2019). Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hydrocephalus Associated with Spinal Tumors. In: Cinalli, G., Ozek, M., Sainte-Rose, C. (eds) Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31889-9_14-1

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