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Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

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Nuclear Oncology

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), although rare, is the most common mesenchymal gastrointestinal neoplasm. This chapter will review the epidemiology, environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and underlying biomolecular changes of the disease. The staging of GIST as well as the roles of conventional diagnostic imaging and nuclear imaging in this staging will be reviewed. Finally, the efficacy of these modalities in assessing response to the various treatments described in the chapter and in the long-term surveillance for disease recurrence will be addressed.

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Abbreviations

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

AFIP:

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

BRAF:

Gene encoding for the B-Raf protein, a serine/threonine-protein kinase; the gene is also known as the proto-oncogene B-Raf and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B

CSF-1R:

Colony-stimulating factor 1R

CT:

X-ray computed tomography

DECT:

Dual-energy CT

EORTC:

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer

EUS:

Endoscopic ultrasound

[18F]FDG:

2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose

FDA:

United States Food and Drug Administration

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter 4

HPF:

High-power fields

HU:

Hounsfield units

IRA:

Iodine-related attenuation

KIT:

A proto-oncogene encoding for tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (or CD117), also known as mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR)

M:

Metastasis status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

N:

Lymph node status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

NCCN:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

NF1:

Neurofibromatosis type 1

PDGFR:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

PDGFRA:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PET/CT:

Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

RET:

A proto-oncogene encoding for a receptor tyrosine kinase for extracellular signaling molecules (from “rearranged during transfection”)

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

SURE:

Sunitinib alternating with regorafenib

SUVmax:

Standardized uptake value at point of maximum

SUV:

Standardized uptake value

TKI:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

TNM:

AJCC/UICC staging system based on parameters “T” (tumor status), “N” (lymph node status), and “M” (distant metastasis status)

T:

Tumor status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

UICC:

International Union Against Cancer (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer)

VEGFR:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Christopher G. Sakellis, Heather A. Jacene & Annick D. Van den Abbeele

  2. Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Christopher G. Sakellis, Heather A. Jacene & Annick D. Van den Abbeele

  3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Christopher G. Sakellis, Heather A. Jacene & Annick D. Van den Abbeele

  4. Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Annick D. Van den Abbeele

  5. Tumor Imaging Metrics Core, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Annick D. Van den Abbeele

Authors
  1. Christopher G. Sakellis
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  2. Heather A. Jacene
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  3. Annick D. Van den Abbeele
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Correspondence to Annick D. Van den Abbeele .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Professor and Director of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Duccio Volterrani

  2. Translational Research, Pisa University, PISA, Pisa, Italy

    Paola A. Erba

  3. Attending Emeritus, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Dept. Radiology, New York, NY, USA

    H. William Strauss

  4. Professor Emeritus, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Giuliano Mariani

  5. Attending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Steven M. Larson

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Sakellis, C.G., Jacene, H.A., Van den Abbeele, A.D. (2022). Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. In: Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Larson, S.M. (eds) Nuclear Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_15-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_15-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26067-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26067-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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  1. Latest

    Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
    Published:
    09 August 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_15-2

  2. Original

    Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
    Published:
    21 October 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_15-1

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