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Lung and Mediastinal Tumors

Nuclear Oncology

  • 888 Accesses

Abstract

While CT and MRI provide high-resolution anatomic assessment of lung and mediastinal malignancies, [18F]FDG imaging is superior in differentiating benign from malignant lymphadenopathy and in the detection of distant metastases. Pre-therapy assessment with [18F]FDG can provide important prognostic information. In addition [18F]FDG PET/CT can eliminate about half of futile thoracotomies and is therefore recommended for staging of lung and mediastinal tumors. [18F]FDG imaging is also indicated in the diagnosis of recurrent disease and in monitoring treatment. [18F]FDG PET/CT has been introduced for radiation planning, enabling refining treatment volumes to allow increased dose in target volume and reduced toxicity to nontarget tissues. Although [18F]FDG is the most widely used tracer in oncology, other PET tracers are evaluated with specific clinical and research goals and may have a future role in the management of lung malignancies.

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Abbreviations

[18F]FDG:

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose

18F-FLT:

3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine

18F-MISO:

18F-Fluoromisonidazole

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

BAC:

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

BS:

Bone scintigraphy

CM:

Coccidioidomycosis

CT:

X-ray computed tomography

CTTA:

CT texture analysis

CTV:

Clinical tumor volume

CYP1A1:

Gene encoding for a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes

DOTA:

2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (macrocyclic coupling agent to label compounds of biological interest with metal radionuclides)

DOTATATE:

DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate

DOTATOC:

DOTA-octreotide

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

EBUS:

Endobronchial ultrasound

ECOG:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor; the mutated form EGFRvIII plays a prominent role in tumorigenesis and proangiogenic signaling

EUS:

Endoscopic ultrasound

GGO:

Ground-glass opacity

GST mu:

Gene encoding for the mu class of glutathione S-transferase

GTV:

Gross tumor volume

HD:

Hodgkin’s disease

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HRCT:

High-resolution computed tomography

HU:

Hounsfield units

LLL:

Left lower lobe

M:

Metastasis status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

MDCT:

Multi-detector computed tomography

MinIP:

Minimum intensity projections

MIP:

Maximum intensity projection

MPM:

Malignant pleural mesothelioma

MPR:

Multiplanar reformations

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTV:

Metabolic tumor volume

MVD:

Microvessel density

N:

Lymph node status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

NETs:

Neuroendocrine tumors

NHL:

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

NLST:

National lung screening trial

NOTA:

2-(4,7-Bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazonan-1-yl)acetic acid, a bifunctional chelating agent for metal radionuclides

NPV:

Negative predictive values

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancers

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PET/CT:

Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography

PET/MRI:

Positron emission tomography/Magnetic resonance imaging

PFS:

Progression free survival

PPV:

Positive predictive values

PTV:

Planning target organ volume

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

RLL:

Right lower lobe

RML:

Right middle lobe

ROC:

Receiver operator curve

RUL:

Right upper lobe

SCLC:

Small-cell lung cancer

SPN:

Solitary pulmonary nodule

SRS:

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy

STT:

Somatostatin

STTr:

Somatostatin receptor

SUV:

Standardized uptake value

SUVinc :

Increment in standardized uptake value in dual-phase acquisition

SUVmax :

Standardized uptake value at point of maximum

T:

Tumor status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

TB:

Tuberculosis

TLG:

Total lesion glycolysis

TNM:

AJCC/UICC staging system based on parameters “T” (tumor status), “N” (lymph node status), and “M” (distant metastasis status)

UICC:

Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (International Union Against Cancer)

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haaliayh 8, 35254, Haifa, Israel

    Elite Arnon & Ora Israel

  2. University College London, London, UK

    Thida Win

  3. University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK

    Thida Win

  4. E&N Heartfordshire NHS Trust, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK

    Thida Win

  5. The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Ora Israel & Ludmila Guralnik

  6. Department of Radiolody, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

    Ludmila Guralnik

  7. University College London and UCL Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, UK

    Simona Ben-Haim

  8. Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel

    Simona Ben-Haim

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  1. Elite Arnon
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  2. Thida Win
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  3. Ora Israel
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  5. Simona Ben-Haim
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Correspondence to Simona Ben-Haim .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Attending Emeritus, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Dept. Radiology, New York, New York, USA

    H. William Strauss

  2. Professor Emeritus, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Giuliano Mariani

  3. Associate Professor and Director of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Duccio Volterrani

  4. Attending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

    Steven M. Larson

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Arnon, E., Win, T., Israel, O., Guralnik, L., Ben-Haim, S. (2016). Lung and Mediastinal Tumors. In: Strauss, H., Mariani, G., Volterrani, D., Larson, S. (eds) Nuclear Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-1

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  1. Latest

    Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Lung and Mediastinal Tumors
    Published:
    20 May 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-4

  2. Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Lung and Mediastinal Tumors
    Published:
    02 April 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-3

  3. Diagnostic Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Lung and Mediastinal Tumors
    Published:
    05 July 2017

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-2

  4. Original

    Lung and Mediastinal Tumors
    Published:
    10 November 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26067-9_13-1

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