Invertebrates in Created and Restored Wetlands

Abstract

Wetland creation and restoration has increased drastically during the last four decades owing to a combination of reasons, including mitigation banking, pollutant retention, biodiversity conservation, and recreation. These ecosystems are often intensely managed and invertebrate controls are highly specific to each wetland type. They offer unique opportunities to test ecological theory, particularly succession and community assembly. On the applied side, research in these systems has focused on the use of invertebrates as indicators of ecological conditions, and on the potential and limits of multifunctionality (e.g., nutrient retention and biodiversity conservation). The development or recovery of wetland structure and functioning is highly context-dependent and currently limited, and invertebrate successional trajectories are difficult to anticipate. Nevertheless, created and restored wetlands may positively contribute to sustaining invertebrate metapopulations and metacommunities by increasing the density of waterbodies available at the landscape scale.

Appendix

Macroinvertebrates reported from five constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Ireland (WW; Becerra-Jurado et al. 2009, 2014), in a created wetland for stormwater treatment in Sweden (SW; Ruhí et al. 2011, 2012a), and in three created wetlands for biodiversity enhancement in Catalonia (B1, B2, B3; Ruhí et al. 2013). Taxonomic hierarchy and names after Fauna Europaea (http://www.faunaeur.org)

Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Taxa	WW	SW	B1	B2	B3
Cnidaria	Leptolida	Capitata	Hydridae	Hydra				+
Annelida	Oligochaeta	–	–	Oligochaeta indet.	+	+
		Lumbriculida	Lumbriculidae	Lumbriculidae indet.				+
		Tubificida	Enchytraeidae	Enchytraeidae indet.				+	+
			Naididae	Naididae indet.			+
			Tubificidae	Tubificidae indet.			+	+	+
	Hirudinea	Arhynchobdellida	Erpobdellidae	Dina		+
				Erpobdella	+	+
			Haemopidae	Haemopis	+
		Rhynchobdellida	Glossiphoniidae	Helobdella	+	+
				Hemiclepsis		+
				Theromyzon		+
Platyhelminthes	Turbellaria	Tricladida	Dendrocoelidae	Dendrocoelum		+
			Dugesiidae	Dugesia	+	+
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Neotaenioglossa	Hydrobiidae	Potamopyrgus	+
		Pulmonata	Gastrodontidae	Zonitoides	+
			Lymnaeidae	Galba		+
				Lymnaea	+
				Radix	+	+
			Physidae	Aplexa	+
				Haitia	+		+	+
				Physa		+
			Planorbidae	Ferrissia				+
				Gyraulus		+
				Planorbis	+	+
	Bivalvia	Veneroidea	Sphaeriidae	Pisidium	+	+		+
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Amphipoda	Gammaridae	Gammarus	+
		Isopoda	Asellidae	Asellus	+	+
				Proasellus			+
		Decapoda	Atyidae	Atyaephyra				+
			Cambaridae	Procambarus			+	+
	Arachnida	Prostigmata	–	Hydrachnidia indet.		+
			Arrenuridae	Arrenurus				+	+
			Hydrachnidae	Hydrachna				+	+
			Hydrodromidae	Hydrodroma			+	+	+
			Hydryphantidae	Hydryphantes				+
			Pionidae	Piona				+
	Insecta	Ephemeroptera	Baetidae	Cloeon	+	+	+	+	+
				Centroptilum		+
			Caenidae	Caenis		+	+	+	+
			Ephemeridae	Ephemera				+
			Leptophlebiidae	Leptophlebia		+
		Odonata	Aeshnidae	Aeshnidae indet.	+
				Aeshna			+	+	+
				Anax			+	+	+
				Boyeria					+
				Brachytron		+
			Coenagrionidae	Coenagrionidae indet.	+
				Coenagrion		+			+
				Ischnura		+	+	+	+
			Lestidae	Lestes		+		+
			Libellulidae	Libellulidae indet.
				Leucorrhinia		+
				Libellula		+			+
				Orthetrum		+		+	+
				Sympetrum		+	+	+	+
		Heteroptera	Corixidae	Callicorixa	+	+
				Corixa	+	+		+	+
				Cymatia				+
				Hesperocorixa		+
				Micronecta			+	+
				Paracorixa		+	+	+
				Sigara		+	+	+	+
			Gerridae	Aquarius			+	+	+
				Gerris	+	+	+	+	+
			Hydrometridae	Hydrometra	+				+
			Nepidae	Nepa	+
				Ranatra		+			+
			Notonectidae	Anisops			+	+	+
				Notonecta		+	+		+
			Pleidae	Plea	+			+
			Veliidae	Microvelia			+	+
				Velia		+
		Coleoptera	Curculionidae	Nanophyes	+
				Tanysphyrus	+
			Dryopidae	Dryops	+
			Dytiscidae	Acilius	+
				Agabus	+	+		+	+
				Colymbetes	+	+
				Copelatus	+
				Dytiscus	+	+
				Eretes			+	+	+
				Graptodytes	+
				Hydaticus	+
				Hydroglyphus			+	+	+
				Hydroporus	+	+
				Hygrotus	+	+			+
				Hyphydrus	+	+
				Ilybius	+	+
				Laccophilus	+	+		+	+
				Nebrioporus		+
				Porhydrus	+	+
				Rhantus	+	+	+		+
				Scarodytes		+
				Stictonectes	+
				Yola					+
			Elmidae	Elmis	+
				Esolus	+
			Gyrinidae	Gyrinus	+	+	+	+
			Haliplidae	Haliplus	+	+
			Helophoridae	Helophorus	+		+	+	+
			Hydraenidae	Aulacochthebius					+
				Hydraena	+	+
				Limnebius	+
				Ochthebius	+		+	+	+
			Hydrophilidae	Anacaena	+
				Berosus		+			+
				Cercyon	+
				Coelostoma	+
				Cymbiodita	+
				Enochrus	+	+	+	+
				Helochares			+	+	+
				Hydrobius	+
				Laccobius	+
				Limnoxenus					+
			Hygrobiidae	Hygrobia	+
			Noteridae	Noterus	+	+		+
			Scirtidae	Contacyphon	+
		Megaloptera	Sialidae	Sialis		+
		Trichoptera	Ecnomidae	Ecnomus				+
			Hydropsychidae	Hydropsyche	+
			Leptoceridae	Oecetis		+
				Trianodes		+
			Limnephilidae	Glyphotaelius		+
				Grammotaulius		+
				Limnephilus	+	+
				Nemotaulius		+
			Phryganeidae	Agrypnia		+
				Phryganea		+
			Polycentropodidae	Holocentropus	+	+
		Diptera	Ceratopogonidae	Ceratopogonidae indet.		+
				Bezzia			+	+	+
				Culicoides			+	+	+
			Chaoboridae	Chaoboridae indet.		+
				Chaoborus	+			+	+
			Chironomidae	Chironomidae indet.	+	+
				Ablabesmyia			+	+
				Chironomus/Einfeldia				+
				Cladopelma				+
				Cladotanytarsus			+	+
				Corynoneura				+
				Cricotopus			+	+	+
				Cryptochironomus				+
				Endochironomus				+
				Kiefferulus			+	+	+
				Labrundinia				+
				Meropelopia				+
				Microchironomus				+
				Parachironomus				+
				Paramerina				+
				Paratanytarsus			+	+	+
				Polypedilum			+	+	+
				Procladius			+	+	+
				Psectrocladius			+	+	+
				Tanytarsus			+	+
			Culicidae	Culicidae indet.	+	+
				Aedes			+
				Anopheles			+	+	+
				Culex			+	+
			Dixidae	Dixidae indet.	+	+
			Dolichopodidae	Dolichopodidae indet.		+
			Empididae	Empididae indet.		+
			Ephydridae	Ephydridae indet.		+
				Scatella			+	+
			Limoniidae	Limoniidae indet.	+	+		+
			Psychodidae	Psychodidae indet.	+
			Ptychopteridae	Ptychopteridae indet.		+
			Stratiomyidae	Stratiomyidae indet.		+
				Stratiomys					+
			Syrphidae	Syrphidae indet.		+		+
			Tabanidae	Tabanidae indet.		+
			Tipulidae	Tipulidae indet.		+