Abstract
Literature presents several cases of nuclear anomalies occurring in condensed matter, during fracture of solids, cavitation of liquids, and electrolysis experiments.
Previous papers by the authors have recently shown that, on the surface of the electrodes exposed to electrolysis visible cracks and compositional changes are strictly related to nuclear particle emissions. In particular, a mechanical interpretation of the phenomenon was provided accounting to the hydrogen embrittlement effects. Piezonuclear reactions were considered responsible for the neutron and alpha particle emissions detected during the electrolysis. Such effects are thoroughly studied in a new experimental campaign, where three pure palladium (100 % Pd) cathodes coupled with Ni anodes are used for electrolysis, separately exposed to processes of different duration: 2.5 h, 5 h and 10 h, respectively. In this paper, the authors intend to show the new results concerning the changes on the surface of the electrodes in terms of composition and presence of cracks after the electrolytic process. Measures of heat generation as well as of neutron emission will be reported.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Borghi, D.C., Giori, D.C., Dall’Olio, A.: Experimental evidence on the emission of neutrons from cold hydrogen plasma. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Few-body Problems in Low-energy Physics, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, pp. 147–154 (1992); Unpublished Communication (1957); Comunicacao n. 25 do CENUFPE, Recife Brazil (1971)
Diebner, K.: Fusionsprozesse mit Hilfe konvergenter Stosswellen—einige aeltere und neuere Versuche und Ueberlegungen. Kerntechnik. 3, 89–93 (1962)
Kaliski, S.: Bi-conical system of concentric explosive compression of D-T. J. Tech. Phys. 19, 283–289 (1978)
Winterberg, F.: Autocatalytic fusion–fission implosions. Atomenergie-Kerntechnik. 44, 146 (1984)
Derjaguin, B.V., et al.: Titanium fracture yields neutrons? Nature 34, 492 (1989)
Fleischmann, M., Pons, S., Hawkins, M.: Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Electroanal. Chem. 261, 301 (1989)
Bockris, J.O’M., Lin, G.H., Kainthla, R.C., Packham, N.J.C., Velev, O.: Does tritium form at electrodes by nuclear reactions? In: The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. National Cold Fusion Institute, University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City (1990)
Preparata, G.: Some theories of cold fusion: a review. Fusion Technol. 20, 82 (1991)
Preparata, G.: A new look at solid-state fractures, particle emissions and “cold” nuclear fusion. Il Nuovo Cimento. 104A, 1259–1263 (1991)
Mills, R.L., Kneizys, P.: Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion. Fusion Technol. 20, 65 (1991)
Notoya, R., Enyo, M.: Excess Heat Production during Electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn Electrodes in Alkaline Media, Proc. Third International Conference on Cold Fusion. Universal Academy Press, Tokyo (1992)
Miles, M.H., Hollins, R.A., Bush, B.F., Lagowski, J.J., Miles, R.E.: Correlation of excess power and helium production during D2O and H2O electrolysis using palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 346, 99–117 (1993)
Bush, R.T., Eagleton, R.D.: Calorimetric studies for several light water electrolytic cells with nickel fibrex cathodes and electrolytes with alkali salts of potassium, rubidium, and cesium. In: Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. Lahaina, Maui. Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto. (1993)
Fleischmann, M., Pons, S., Preparata, G.: Possible theories of cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento. Soc. Ital. Fis. A. 107, 143 (1994)
Szpak, S., Mosier-Boss, P.A., Smith, J.J.: Deuterium uptake during Pd-D codeposition. J. Electroanal. Chem. 379, 121 (1994)
Sundaresan, R., Bockris, J.O.M.: Anomalous reactions during arcing between carbon rods in water. Fusion Technol. 26, 261 (1994)
Arata, Y., Zhang, Y.: Achievement of solid-state plasma fusion (“cold-fusion”). Proc. Jpn Acad. 71B, 304–309 (1995)
Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.: Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes. J. New Energy. 1(3), 90 (1996)
Monti, R.A.: Low energy nuclear reactions: experimental evidence for the alpha extended model of the atom. J. New Energy. 1(3), 131 (1996)
Monti, R.A.: Nuclear transmutation processes of lead, silver, thorium, uranium. In: The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. ENECO Inc. Vancouver (1998)
Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.: Strong excess energy evolution, new element production, and electromagnetic wave and/or neutron emission in light water electrolysis with a tungsten cathode. Infinite Energy. 20, 14–17 (1998)
Mizuno, T.: Nuclear Transmutation: The Reality of Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy Press, Concord (1998)
Little, S.R., Puthoff, H.E., Little, M.E.: Search for Excess Heat from a Pt Electrode Discharge in K2CO3-H2O and K2CO3-D2O Electrolytes (1998)
Ohmori, T., Mizuno, T.: Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions. Infinite Energy. 5(27), 34 (1999)
Ransford, H.E.: Non-stellar nucleosynthesis: transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell. Infinite Energy. 4(23), 16 (1999)
Storms, E.: Excess power production from platinum cathodes using the Pons-Fleischmann effect. In: 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. Lerici (La Spezia). Italian Physical Society, Bologna. pp. 55–61 (2000)
Storms, E.: Science of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction: a Comprehensive Compilation of Evidence and Explanations about Cold Fusion. World Scientific, Singapore (2007)
Mizuno, T., et al.: Production of heat during plasma electrolysis. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 6055–6061 (2000)
Warner, J., Dash, J., Frantz. S.: Electrolysis of D2O with titanium cathodes: enhancement of excess heat and further evidence of possible transmutation. In: The Ninth International Conference on Cold Fusion. Tsinghua University, Beijing, p. 404 (2002)
Fujii, M.F., et al.: Neutron emission from fracture of piezoelectric materials in deuterium atmosphere. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 2115–2119 (2002)
Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al.: Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 293–303 (2007)
Swartz, M.: Three physical regions of anomalous activity in deuterated palladium. Infinite Energy 14, 19–31 (2008)
Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al.: Comparison of Pd/D co-deposition and DT neutron generated triple tracks observed in CR-39 detectors. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 51(2), 20901–20911 (2010)
Kanarev, M., Mizuno, T.: Cold fusion by plasma electrolysis of water. New Energy Technol. 1, 5–10 (2002)
Cardone, F., Mignani, R.: Energy and Geometry. World Scientific, Singapore (2004). Chapter 10
Carpinteri, A., Cardone, F., Lacidogna, G.: Piezonuclear neutrons from brittle fracture: early results of mechanical compression tests. Strain. 45, 332–339 (2009). Atti dell’ Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. 33, 27–42 (2009)
Cardone, F., Carpinteri, A., Lacidogna, G.: Piezonuclear neutrons from fracturing of inert solids. Phys. Lett. A. 373, 4158–4163 (2009)
Carpinteri, A., Cardone, F., Lacidogna, G.: Energy emissions from failure phenomena: mechanical, electromagnetic, nuclear. Exp. Mech. 50, 1235–1243 (2010)
Carpinteri, A., Lacidogna, G., Manuello, A., Borla, O.: Piezonuclear fission reactions: evidences from microchemical analysis, neutron emission, and geological transformation. Rock. Mech. Rock. Eng. 45, 445–459 (2012)
Carpinteri, A., Lacidogna, G., Manuello, A., Borla, O.: Piezonuclear fission reactions from earthquakes and brittle rocks failure: evidence of neutron emission and nonradioactive product elements. Exp. Mech. 53, 345–365 (2013)
Carpinteri, A., Borla, O., Goi, A., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D.: Mechanical conjectures explaining cold nuclear fusion. Proceedings of the Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (SEM), Lombard, CD-ROM, p. 481 (2013)
Veneziano, D., Borla, O., Goi, A., Manuello, A., Carpinteri A.: Mechanical conjectures based on hydrogen embrittlement explaining cold nuclear fusion. Proceedings of the 21° Congresso Nazionale di Meccanica Teorica ed Applicata (AIMETA), Torino, CD-ROM (2013)
Carpinteri, A., Borla, O., Goi, A., Guastella, S., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D.: Hydrogen embrittlement and cold fusion effects in palladium during electrolysis experiments. In: Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (SEM), Greenville, vol. 6, pp. 37–47 (2014)
Milne, I., Ritchie, R.O., Karihaloo, B.: Comprehensive Structural Integrity: Fracture of Materials from Nano to Macro, vol. 6, pp. 31–33. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003)
Liebowitz, H.: Fracture an Advanced Treatise. Academic, New York (1971)
Acknowledgement
Special thanks for his collaboration in the realization of the tests are due to Mr. M. Yon.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Carpinteri, A. et al. (2016). Compositional Variations in Palladium Electrodes Exposed to Electrolysis. In: Beese, A., Zehnder, A., Xia, S. (eds) Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21610-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21611-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)