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Microsurgical Approaches for In Vivo Prevascularization

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Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

Abstract

The rapid and sufficient vascularization of large tissues is the main obstacle to the broad implementation of tissue engineering (TE) into clinical practices. Typically, the vascularization of engineered tissues is achieved after implantation, by stimulating the ingrowth of surrounding blood vessels via the delivery of angiogenic factors, the addition of angiogenic cells, and the optimization of scaffold properties. Although these approaches showed promising results, the ingrowth of the host’s vasculature into the implant remains slow. In a parallel effort, various prevascularization approaches were developed, which aim at inducing the formation of a vasculature within engineered tissues, before implantation. Such a prevasculature can connect to the host’s vasculature and rapidly perfuse the implant. However, building a patterned, hierarchical, functional vascular tree that can be hooked to the host, possibly via microsurgery, is a long-lasting challenge. Current approaches of prevascularization include the in vitro induction of endothelial cells organization into a microvascular network and the in vivo incubation of an engineered tissue within a surgically prepared angiogenic site (e.g., arteriovenous loop). This last approach, rooted in surgical practices, allows for the ingrowth of a hierarchical, functional vasculature within the construct, which can connect to the host upon transfer to the secondary site of defect. Here, we outline this family of promising surgical strategies aiming at the in vivo formation of vascular networks within engineered tissues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Christoph Koepple, Ulrich Kneser & Volker J. Schmidt

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  1. Christoph Koepple
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  2. Ulrich Kneser
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  3. Volker J. Schmidt
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Correspondence to Christoph Koepple .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. AUVA Research Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Inst. Exp. a. Clinical AUVA Research Center, Wien, Holy See (Vatican City State)

    Wolfgang Holnthoner

  2. Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland

    Andrea Banfi

  3. Institute for Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University Institute for Pathology, Mainz, Germany

    James Kirkpatrick

  4. LBI für experimentelle und klinisch , Wien, Austria

    Heinz Redl

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Koepple, C., Kneser, U., Schmidt, V.J. (2017). Microsurgical Approaches for In Vivo Prevascularization. In: Holnthoner, W., Banfi, A., Kirkpatrick, J., Redl, H. (eds) Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21056-8_17-1

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