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Cyclopeptide-Containing Mushrooms: The Deadly Amanitas

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Critical Care Toxicology

Abstract

In contrast to many of the man-made toxins found in the world today, the toxins present in amanitin-containing mushrooms probably have been afflicting humans for as long as they have been picking mushrooms from their varied habitats and consuming them as a readily available and tasty food source. Among all poisonous mushrooms, the widely distributed green death cap (Fig. 1), , may have played the leading role, having been recognized as poisonous mostly by trial and error.

Dr. Zilker and Dr. Faulstich are retired.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Toxicology (formerly), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Thomas Zilker

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany

    Heinz Faulstich

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  1. Thomas Zilker
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  2. Heinz Faulstich
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Correspondence to Thomas Zilker or Heinz Faulstich .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Jeffrey Brent

  2. Office of New Drugs Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Keith Burkhart

  3. Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Paul Dargan

  4. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Benjamin Hatten

  5. Med & Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France

    Bruno Megarbane

  6. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert Palmer

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

  1. I

    Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized controlled trial.

  2. II-1

    Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

  3. II-2

    Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group.

  4. II-3

    Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin treatment in the 1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence.

  5. III

    Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies and case reports, or reports of expert committees.

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Zilker, T., Faulstich, H. (2017). Cyclopeptide-Containing Mushrooms: The Deadly Amanitas . In: Brent, J., Burkhart, K., Dargan, P., Hatten, B., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R. (eds) Critical Care Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_117-2

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  1. Latest

    Published:
    24 March 2017

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_117-2

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    10 September 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_117-1

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