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The Molecular Physiology and Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Higher Plants

  • Chapter
Aluminum Stress Adaptation in Plants

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM,volume 24))

Abstract

Plants have evolved a variety of aluminum (Al)-resistance mechanisms that are regulated by complex biological systems. Two distinct categories of Al resistance were proposed in the late 1980s, namely “exclusion” of Al from the symplasm and “internal tolerance.” Exclusion mechanisms reduce the amount of rhizotoxic Al (Al3+) in the symplasm of cells and internal tolerance mechanisms reduce Al toxicity, and the resulting damage occurs once Al has entered the cytosol. Since these concepts were introduced, many studies have identified physiological and genetic mechanisms of Al resistance that provide support for “exclusion” and “internal tolerance” at the molecular level. Excretion of organic anions (OA) from root cells, which detoxify Al by chelation, appears to be the most common mechanism of Al exclusion in plants. In addition, modification of the chemical properties of the plasma membrane and cell wall contribute to a reduction of Al rhizotoxicity in the root tips. Sequestration of Al in the vacuole, translocation of Al to the shoot, and enhanced capacity to cope with Al-inducible reactive oxygen species are important mechanisms of internal Al tolerance. Various genes that control these traits, such as genes encoding OA transporters, have been identified in plants. Studies of the transcriptional regulation of these genes by STOP1/ART1-type zinc finger transcription factors show that multiple Al-resistance genes are likely co-regulated by the same signal transduction pathway in different plant species. In addition, regulation of Al-resistance mechanisms is coordinated with resistance to other stress factors associated with the acid soil syndrome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan

    Hiroyuki Koyama & Yuriko Kobayashi

  2. Faculty of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India

    Sanjib K. Panda

  3. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2E1, Canada

    Gregory J. Taylor

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  1. Hiroyuki Koyama
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  2. Yuriko Kobayashi
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  3. Sanjib K. Panda
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  4. Gregory J. Taylor
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Correspondence to Hiroyuki Koyama .

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  1. Assam University, Silchar, India

    Sanjib Kumar Panda

  2. Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    František Baluška

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Koyama, H., Kobayashi, Y., Panda, S.K., Taylor, G.J. (2015). The Molecular Physiology and Regulation of Aluminum Resistance in Higher Plants. In: Panda, S., Baluška, F. (eds) Aluminum Stress Adaptation in Plants. Signaling and Communication in Plants, vol 24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_9

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