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Natriuretic Peptides: Critical Regulators of Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Extracellular Matrix in the Heart

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Cardiac Fibrosis and Heart Failure: Cause or Effect?

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 13))

Abstract

The mammalian heart contains numerous cell types with cardiac fibroblasts accounting for the majority of cells. These fibroblasts play essential roles in the heart including the synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is the component of the heart that includes interstitial collagens. In the setting of heart disease, including heart failure (HF), abnormal fibroblast proliferation and deposition of collagens leads to adverse structural remodeling, which is a major contributing factor to the progression of heart disease. Structural remodeling of the ECM in HF can increase stiffness of the myocardium leading to impaired cardiac performance and also increase the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias due to impaired electrical conduction. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are a family of cardioprotective hormones with numerous effects in the cardiovascular system. Included among these is the ability to prevent fibroblast proliferation and abnormal collagen deposition in the ECM. NPs elicit their effects by binding to three NP receptors denoted NPR-A, NPR-B and NPR-C. NPR-A and NPR-B are guanylyl cyclase-linked NPRs that elicit their effects by increasing cGMP levels. NPR-C is linked to the activation of inhibitory G-proteins (Gi). All three NPRs are expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and each has been shown to play a role in the ability of NPs to protect against adverse structural remodeling in the heart. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of NPs and how they affect remodeling of the ECM in HF.

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  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building—Room 4J, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Hailey J. Jansen & Dr. Robert A. Rose

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  1. Hailey J. Jansen
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  2. Dr. Robert A. Rose
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Correspondence to Robert A. Rose .

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  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Ian M.C. Dixon

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Jeffrey T. Wigle

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Jansen, H., Rose, R. (2015). Natriuretic Peptides: Critical Regulators of Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Extracellular Matrix in the Heart. In: Dixon, I., Wigle, J. (eds) Cardiac Fibrosis and Heart Failure: Cause or Effect?. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17437-2_19

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