Skip to main content

Designing and Manufacturing Quartz Crystal Oscillators

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Computational Intelligence and Efficiency in Engineering Systems

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 595))

Abstract

In this decade, the number of wireless devices grow significantly, caused the frequency stability is very important. Almost all wireless devices use the quartz crystal oscillator to generate stable frequency. To get good quality of quartz crystal oscillators, then it needs to be taken carefully from designing up to how to manufacture them. In this paper, we present the characteristic of quartz crystal oscillator and the factors that affect the frequency stability of quartz crystal oscillator. Knowing these factors to design crystal oscillator is essential. The characteristic of crystal oscillator will depend on the material purity, cutting angle, dimension, surface roughness and edges, thickness, material of electrode, and cleanliness. Crystal oscillator manufacturing process is very long, starting from row material angle marking, cutting, shaping, lapping, electrode evaporation, mounting, frequency adjusting, and aging. All these process will discuss in this paper, including the testing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ballato, A.: Piezoelectricity: old effects and new applications. IEEE Ultrason. Trans. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 42, 916–926 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ballato, A.: Piezoelectricity: history and new thrusts. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 1, 575–583 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fujishima, S.: The history of ceramic filters. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 47(1), 1–7 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hewlett Packar: Fundamentals of quartz oscillators. Application Note 200-2, Electronic Counters Series, USA (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Worthen, C.E.: Piezo-electric quartz plates. Gen. Radio Exp. 4(9) (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bottom, V.E.: A history of the quartz crystal industry in the USA. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 3–12 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brown, P.R.J.: The influence of amateur radio on the development of the commercial market for quartz piezoelectric resonators in the United States. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 58–65 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yong, Y.-K., Wang, J.: Theory and analysis of quartz crystal resonators. In: A Tutorial at the Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and the European Frequency & Time Forum (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Moriya, K., Ogawa, T.: Growth history of a synthetic quartz crystal. J. Cryst. Growth 58(1), 115–121 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lombardi, M.A.: The evolution of time measurement, Part 2: quartz clocks. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 41–48 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co. LTD: Synthetic quartz crystal. http://www.ndk.com/catalog/AN-SQC_GG_e.pdf (2014). Accessed April 2014

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benfano Soewito .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Soewito, B. (2015). Designing and Manufacturing Quartz Crystal Oscillators. In: Borowik, G., Chaczko, Z., Jacak, W., Łuba, T. (eds) Computational Intelligence and Efficiency in Engineering Systems. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 595. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15720-7_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15720-7_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15719-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15720-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics