Abstract
Lianas are a key structural component of tropical forests, where they represent approximately 25 % of woody plant species. Lianas reduce tree growth, inhibit tree regeneration and increase tree mortality. Thus, lianas are able to reduce carbon stored as tree biomass. Infestation rates on trees by lianas are stronger in shade-tolerant species with high wood density, which store more carbon than fast-growing species. Therefore, lianas may promote shifts in species composition and threaten tree carbon storage capacity of tropical forests. Lianas have shown consistent increases in density and biomass in tropical regions in the last decade, which may have profound consequences for forest dynamics. In this chapter, we review available evidence of liana effects on carbon cycling in mature and secondary tropical forests. Secondary forests now cover larger areas than mature forests, but their role in carbon cycling is unclear. Lianas are more prevalent in early stages of succession, and could have disproportionate effects on carbon uptake in secondary forests. Current knowledge indicates that lianas could reduce carbon stocks by up to 50 % and reduce carbon increment by 10 % in mature tropical forests. In secondary forests, evidence is quite limited; but one study found that lianas reduce 9–18 % of carbon accumulation in treefall gaps. Changes in composition by lianas are not yet supported by literature. We identify research needs required to improve predictions of how tropical carbon sinks will respond to liana increases.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baker TR, Phillips OL, Malhi Y et al (2004) Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:353–365. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1422
Bunker D, DeClerck F, Bradford J (2005) Species loss and aboveground carbon storage in a tropical forest. Science 310:1029–1031
Burghouts TBA, Campbell EJF, Kolderman PJ (1994) Effects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall in primary and logged dipterocarp forest in the UluSegama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. J Trop Ecol 10:1. doi:10.1017/S0266467400007677
Buschbacher R, Uhl C, Serrao E (1988) Abandoned pastures in eastern Amazonia II. Nutrient stocks in the soil and vegetation. J Ecol 76:682–699
Chave J, Andalo C, Brown S et al (2005) Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145:87–99. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x
Chave J, Olivier J, Bongers F et al (2008) Above-ground biomass and productivity in a rain forest of eastern South America. J Trop Ecol 24:355–366. doi:10.1017/S0266467408005075
Chazdon RL, Letcher SG, van Breugel M et al (2007) Rates of change in tree communities of secondary Neotropical forests following major disturbances. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 362:273–289. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1990
Chen YJ, Bongers F, Cao KF, Cai ZQ (2008) Above-and below-ground competition in high and low irradiance: tree seedling responses to a competing liana Byttneria grandifolia. J Trop Ecol 24:517–524. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408005233
Cifuentes-Jara M (2008) Aboveground biomass and ecosystem carbon pools in tropical secondary forests growing in six life zones of Costa Rica. Dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Clark DB, Clark DA, Studies T et al (1990) Distribution and effects on tree growth of lianas and woody hemiepiphytes in a Costa Rican tropical wet forest. J Trop Ecol 6:321–331
Dalling JW, Schnitzer SA, Baldeck C et al (2012) Resource-based habitat associations in a Neotropical liana community. J Ecol 100:1174–1182. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01989.x
DeWalt S, Chave J (2004) Structure and biomass of four lowland Neotropical forests. Biotropica 36:7–19
Dewalt SJ, Schnitzer SA, Denslow JS (2000) Density and diversity of lianas along a chronosequence in a central Panamanian lowland forest. J Trop Ecol 16:1–19. doi:10.1017/S0266467400001231
Dupuy JM, Chazdon RL (2006) Effects of vegetation cover on seedling and sapling dynamics in secondary tropical wet forests in Costa Rica. J Trop Ecol 22:65. doi:10.1017/S0266467405002890
Durán SM, Gianoli E (2013) Carbon stocks in tropical forests decrease with liana density. Biol Lett 9(4):20130301. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0301
Feldpausch TR, Riha SJ, Fernandes ECM, Wandelli EV (2005) Development of forest structure and leaf area in secondary forests regenerating on abandoned pastures in Central Amazônia. Earth Interact 9:1–22. doi:10.1175/EI140.1
Gehring C, Park S, Denich M (2004) Liana allometric biomass equations for Amazonian primary and secondary forest. For Ecol Manage 195:69–83. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.054
Gilbert B, Wright SJ, Muller-Landau HC et al (2006) Life history trade-offs in tropical trees and lianas. Ecology 87:1281–1288. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1281:LHTITT]2.0.CO;2
Graham EA, Mulkey SS, Kitajima K et al (2003) Cloud cover limits net CO2 uptake and growth of a rainforest tree during tropical rainy seasons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:572–576. doi:10.1073/pnas.0133045100
Hegarty EE (1991) Leaf litter production by lianes and trees in a sub-tropical Australian rain forest. J Trop Ecol 7:201. doi:10.1017/S0266467400005356
Hladik A (1974) Phenology of leaf production in rain forest of Gabon: distribution and composition of food for folivores. C R Acad Sci 278:2527–2530
da Hora RC, Primavesi O, Soares JJ (2008) Contribuição das folhas de lianas na produção de serapilheira em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual em São Carlos, SP. Rev Bras Botânica 31:277–285. doi:10.1590/S0100-84042008000200010
Hughes RF, Kauffman JB, Jaramillo VJ (1999) Biomass, carbon, and nutrient dynamics of secondary forests in a humid tropical region of Mexico. Ecology 80:1892. doi:10.2307/176667
Ingwell LL, Joseph Wright S, Becklund KK et al (2010) The impact of lianas on 10 years of tree growth and mortality on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. J Ecol 98:879–887. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01676.x
Kalácska M, Calvo-Alvarado JC, Sánchez-Azofeifa GA (2005) Calibration and assessment of seasonal changes in leaf area index of a tropical dry forest in different stages of succession. Tree Physiol 25:733–744. doi:10.1093/treephys/25.6.733
Körner C (2004) Through enhanced tree dynamics carbon dioxide enrichment may cause tropical forests to lose carbon. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:493–498. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1429
Laurance WF (2010) Habitat destruction: death by a thousand cuts. In: Sodhi NS, Ehrlich PR (eds) Conservation biology for all. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 73–87
Laurance WF, Laurance SG, Ferreira LV, Rankin-de Merona JM, Gascon C, Lovejoy TE (1997) Biomass collapse in Amazonian forest fragments. Science 278:1117–1118. doi:10.1126/science.278.5340.1117
Laurance W, Andrade A, Magrach A (2014) Long-term changes in liana abundance and forest dynamics in undisturbed Amazonian forests. Ecology 95:1604–1611
Letcher SG, Chazdon RL (2009) Lianas and self-supporting plants during tropical forest succession. For Ecol Manag 257:2150–2156. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.02.028
Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Sitch S et al (2009) Changing ecology of tropical forests: evidence and drivers. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:529–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173345
Madeira BG, Espírito-Santo MM, Neto SD et al (2009) Changes in tree and liana communities along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-eastern Brazil. Plant Ecol 201:291–304. doi:10.1007/s11258-009-9580-9
Malhi Y (2012) The productivity, metabolism and carbon cycle of tropical forest vegetation. J Ecol 100:65–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01916.x
Pan Y, Birdsey RA, Fang J et al (2011) A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science 333:988–993. doi:10.1126/science.1201609
Paul GS, Yavitt JB (2011) Tropical vine growth and the effects on forest succession: a review of the ecology and management of tropical climbing plants. Bot Rev 77:11–30. doi:10.1007/s12229-010-9059-3
Pérez-Salicrup DR, Barker MG (2000) Effect of liana cutting on water potential and growth of adult Sennamultijuga (Caesalpinioideae) trees in a Bolivian tropical forest. Oecologia 124:469–475. doi:10.1007/PL00008872
Phillips O, Martínez R, Arroyo L, Baker T (2002) Increasing dominance of large lianas in Amazonian forests. Nature 418:770–774
Phillips OL, Baker TR, Arroyo L et al (2004) Pattern and process in Amazon tree turnover, 1976–2001. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:381–407. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1438
Phillips OL, Vásquez Martínez R, Monteagudo Mendoza A et al (2005) Large lianas as hyperdynamic elements of the tropical forest canopy. Ecology 86:1250–1258. doi:10.1890/04-1446
Pragasan LA, Parthasarathy N (2005) Litter production in tropical dry evergreen forests of south India in relation to season, plant life-forms and physiognomic groups. Curr Sci 88:1255–1263
Putz FE (1984) The natural history of Lianas on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecology 65:1713. doi:10.2307/1937767
Read L, Lawrence D (2003) Recovery of biomass following shifting cultivation in dry tropical forests of the Yucatan. Ecol Appl 13:85–97
Restom TG, Nepstad DC (2001) Contribution of vines to the evapotranspiration of a secondary forest in eastern Amazonia. Plant and Soil 236:153–163
Schnitzer SA (2005) A mechanistic explanation for global patterns of liana abundance and distribution. Am Nat 166:262–276. doi:10.1086/431250
Schnitzer SA, Bongers F (2002) The ecology of lianas and their role in forests. Trends Ecol Evol 17:223–230
Schnitzer SA, Bongers F (2011) Increasing liana abundance and biomass in tropical forests: emerging patterns and putative mechanisms. Ecol Lett 14:397–406. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01590.x
Schnitzer SA, Carson WP (2010) Lianas suppress tree regeneration and diversity in treefall gaps. Ecol Lett 13:849–857. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01480.x
Schnitzer SA, Dalling JW, Carson WP (2000) The impact of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical forest canopy gaps: evidence for an alternative pathway of gap-phase regeneration. J Ecol 88:655–666. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00489.x
Schnitzer SA, van der Heijden GMF, Mascaro J, Carson WP (2014) Lianas in gaps reduce carbon accumulation in a tropical forest. Ecol 140515081851004. doi:10.1890/13-1718.1
Sierra CA, del Valle JI, Orrego SA et al (2007) Total carbon stocks in a tropical forest landscape of the Porce region, Colombia. For Ecol Manage 243:299–309. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.026
Stegen JC, Swenson NG, Enquist BJ, White EP, Phillips OL, Jørgensen PM, Weiser MD, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Núñez-Vargas P (2011) Variation in above-ground forest biomass across broad climatic gradients. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 20:744–754. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00645.x
Uhl C, Buschbacher R, Serrao E (1988) Abandoned pastures in eastern Amazonia. I. Patterns of plant succession. J Ecol 76:663–681
van der Heijden GMF, Phillips OL (2009) Liana infestation impacts tree growth in a lowland tropical moist forest. Biogeosciences 6:2217–2226. doi:10.5194/bg-6-2217-2009
van der Heijden GMF, Healey JR, Phillips OL (2008) Infestation of trees by lianas in a tropical forest in Amazonian Peru. J Veg Sci 19:747–756. doi:10.3170/2008-8-18459
van der Heijden GMF, Schnitzer SA, Powers JS, Phillips OL (2013) Liana impacts on carbon cycling, storage and sequestration in tropical forests. Biotropica 45:682–692. doi:10.1111/btp.12060
Wright SJ (2013) The carbon sink in intact tropical forests. Glob Chang Biol 19:337–339. doi:10.1111/gcb.12052
Wright SJ, Calderón O, Hernandéz A, Paton S (2004) Are lianas increasing in importance in tropical forests? A 17-year record from panama. Ecology 85:484–489. doi:10.1890/02-0757
Wright SJ, Jaramillo MA, Pavon J, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (2005) Reproductive size thresholds in tropical trees: variation among individuals, species and forests. J Trop Ecol 21:307–315. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467405002294
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Durán, S.M., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A. (2015). Liana Effects on Carbon Storage and Uptake in Mature and Secondary Tropical Forests. In: Parthasarathy, N. (eds) Biodiversity of Lianas. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14592-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14592-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14591-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14592-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)