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Experimental Microbial Evolution of Extremophiles

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Biotechnology of Extremophiles:

Part of the book series: Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology ((GCBB,volume 1))

Abstract

Experimental microbial evolution (EME) and its variant, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), are emerging empirical strategies for understanding fundamental biological processes in microbes. Integration of high throughput analytical methods combined with genetic selection leverage the power of these methods, particularly ALE, for the production of new biological traits while providing insight into their mechanistic basis. Though traditionally applied to model organisms, in this chapter, these methods are extended to studies using microbial extremophiles with an emphasis on current studies from our laboratory because of the near absence of published literature. Theoretic considerations are presented first. These are followed by descriptions of technologies that are required to extend these evolutionary methods to the study of extremophiles. Finally, the application of ALE is demonstrated using two distinct types of extremophiles. These include the hyperthermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermotoga maritima, and the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. For T. maritima, the evolutionary genomics of deletion formation is presented, and for S. solfataricus, the role of insertion sequence elements is considered during the evolution of increased thermoacidophily. These examples demonstrate the utility of experimental evolutionary methods in association with extremophiles.

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Acknowledgments

This article was supported by funds from the University of Nebraska Cell Development Facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Paul Blum, Deepak Rudrappa, Raghuveer Singh & Samuel McCarthy

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Benjamin Pavlik

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  3. Raghuveer Singh
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  4. Samuel McCarthy
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  5. Benjamin Pavlik
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Correspondence to Paul Blum .

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  1. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Saint Barthélemy

    Pabulo H Rampelotto

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Paul Blum, Deepak Rudrappa, Raghuveer Singh, Samuel McCarthy and Benjamin Pavlik declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Blum, P., Rudrappa, D., Singh, R., McCarthy, S., Pavlik, B. (2016). Experimental Microbial Evolution of Extremophiles. In: Rampelotto, P. (eds) Biotechnology of Extremophiles:. Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_22

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