Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albin RL, Young AB, Penney JB (1989) The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 12:366–375
Alexander GE, Crutcher MD (1990) Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 13:266–271
Alexander GE, DeLong MR (1985) Microstimulation of the primate neostriatum. II. Somatotopic organization of striatal microexcitable zones and their relation to neuronal response properties. J Neurophysiol 53:1417–1430
Alexander GE, DeLong MR, Strick PL (1986) Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 9:357–381
Anderson ME, Turner RS (1991) Activity of neurons in cerebellar-receiving and pallidal-receiving areas of the thalamus of the behaving monkey. J Neurophysiol 66:879–893
Aosaki T, Kimura M, Graybiel AM (1995) Temporal and spatial characteristics of tonically active neurons of the primate’s striatum. J Neurophysiol 73:1234–1252
Asanuma C, Thach WR, Jones EG (1983) Anatomical evidence for segregated focal groupings of efferent cells and their terminal ramifications in the cerebellothalamic pathway of the monkey. Brain Res 286:267–297
Bostan AC, Dum RP, Strick PL (2013) Cerebellar networks with the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Trends Cogn Sci 17:241–254
Buford JA, Inase M, Anderson ME (1996) Contrasting locations of pallidal-receiving neurons and microexcitable zones in primate thalamus. J Neurophysiol 75:1105–1116
DeLong MR (1971) Activity of pallidal neurons during movement. J Neurophysiol 34:414–427
DeLong MR (1990) Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. Trends Neurosci 13:281–285
DeLong MR, Crutcher MD, Georgopoulos AP (1983) Relations between movement and single cell discharge in the substantia nigra of the behaving monkey. J Neurosci 3:1599–1606
DeLong MR, Crutcher MD, Georgopoulos AP (1985) Primate globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus: functional organization. J Neurophysiol 53:530–543
Georgopoulos AP, DeLong MR, Crutcher MD (1983) Relations between parameters of step-tracking movements and single cell discharge in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus of the behaving monkey. J Neurosci 3:1586–1598
Gerfen CR, Surmeier DJ (2011) Modulation of striatal projection systems by dopamine. Annu Rev Neurosci 34:441–466
Haber SN, Lynd E, Klein C, Groenewegen HJ (1990) Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: an anterograde tracing study. J Comp Neurol 293:282–298
Hikosaka O, Wurtz RH (1983) Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. I. Relation of visual and auditory responses to saccades. J Neurophysiol 49:1230–1253
Hikosaka O, Sakamoto M, Usui S (1989) Functional properties of monkey caudate neurons. I. Activities related to saccadic eye movements. J Neurophysiol 61:780–798
Hikosaka O, Takikawa Y, Kawagoe R (2000) Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements. Physiol Rev 80:953–978
Holsapple JW, Preston JB, Strick PL (1991) The origin of thalamic inputs to the “hand” representation in the primary motor cortex. J Neurosci 11:2644–2654
Jones EG (2007) The thalamus, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York
Kawaguchi Y (1997) Neostriatal cell subtypes and their functional roles. Neurosci Res 27:1–8
Kitano H, Tanibuchi I, Jinnai K (1998) The distribution of neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata with input from the motor, premotor and prefrontal areas of the cerebral cortex in monkeys. Brain Res 784:228–238
Levesque M, Parent A (2005) The striatofugal fiber system in primates: a reevaluation of its organization based on single-axon tracing studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:11888–11893
Matsumura M, Kojima J, Gardiner TW, Hikosaka O (1992) Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey subthalamic nucleus. J Neurophysiol 67:1615–1632
McFarland NR, Haber SN (2000) Convergent inputs from thalamic motor nuclei and frontal cortical areas to the dorsal striatum in the primate. J Neurosci 20:3798–3813
Middleton FA, Strick PL (2000) Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 31:236–250
Mink JW (1996) The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs. Prog Neurobiol 50:381–425
Monakow KH, Akert K, Kunzle H (1978) Projections of the precentral motor cortex and other cortical areas of the frontal lobe to the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 33:395–403
Nambu A (2007) Globus pallidus internal segment. Prog Brain Res 160:135–150
Nambu A (2008) Seven problems on the basal ganglia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18:595–604
Nambu A (2009) Basal ganglia: physiological circuits. In: Squire LR (ed) Encyclopedia of neuroscience, vol 2. Academic, Oxford, pp 111–117
Nambu A (2011) Somatotopic organization of the primate basal ganglia. Front Neuroanat 5:26
Nambu A, Yoshida S, Jinnai K (1991) Movement-related activity of thalamic neurons with input from the globus pallidus and projection to the motor cortex in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 84:279–284
Nambu A, Takada M, Inase M, Tokuno H (1996) Dual somatotopical representations in the primate subthalamic nucleus: evidence for ordered but reversed body-map transformations from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area. J Neurosci 16:2671–2683
Nambu A, Tokuno H, Takada M (2002a) Functional significance of the cortico-subthalamo-pallidal ‘hyperdirect’ pathway. Neurosci Res 43:111–117
Nambu A, Kaneda K, Tokuno H, Takada M (2002b) Organization of corticostriatal motor inputs in monkey putamen. J Neurophysiol 88:1830–1842
Parent A (1990) Extrinsic connections of the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 13:254–258
Schultz W, Romo R (1990) Dopamine neurons of the monkey midbrain: contingencies of responses to stimuli eliciting immediate behavioral reactions. J Neurophysiol 63:607–624
Selemon LD, Goldman-Rakic PS (1985) Longitudinal topography and interdigitation of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey. J Neurosci 5:776–794
Shink E, Bevan MD, Bolam JP, Smith Y (1996) The subthalamic nucleus and the external pallidum: two tightly interconnected structures that control the output of the basal ganglia in the monkey. Neuroscience 73:335–357
Smith Y, Parent A (1986) Differential connections of caudate nucleus and putamen in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Neuroscience 18:347–371
Takada M, Tokuno H, Nambu A, Inase M (1998) Corticostriatal projections from the somatic motor areas of the frontal cortex in the macaque monkey: segregation versus overlap of input zones from the primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the premotor cortex. Exp Brain Res 120:114–128
Takara S, Hatanaka N, Takada M, Nambu A (2011) Differential activity patterns of putaminal neurons with inputs from the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area in behaving monkeys. J Neurophysiol 106:1203–1217
Vitek JL, Ashe J, DeLong MR, Alexander GE (1994) Physiologic properties and somatotopic organization of the primate motor thalamus. J Neurophysiol 71:1498–1513
Vitek JL, Ashe J, DeLong MR, Kaneoke Y (1996) Microstimulation of primate motor thalamus: somatotopic organization and differential distribution of evoked motor responses among subnuclei. J Neurophysiol 75:2486–2495
Vitek JL, Bakay RAE, DeLong MR (1997) Microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for medically intractable Parkinson’s disease. In: Obeso JA, DeLong MR, Ohye C, Marsden CD (eds) The basal ganglia and new surgical approaches for Parkinson’s disease, advances in neurology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 183–198
Wichmann T, Bergman H, DeLong MR (1994) The primate subthalamic nucleus. I. Functional properties in intact animals. J Neurophysiol 72:494–506
Wilson CJ (2004) The synaptic organization of the brain. In: Shepherd GM (ed) Basal ganglia, 5th edn. Oxford, New York, pp 361–413
Yoshida S, Nambu A, Jinnai K (1993) The distribution of the globus pallidus neurons with input from various cortical areas in the monkeys. Brain Res 611:170–174
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nambu, A. (2015). Functional Circuitry of the Basal Ganglia. In: Itakura, T. (eds) Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08475-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08476-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)