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The Diagnosis and Classification of Immune-Mediated Hepatic Diseases

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Liver Immunology

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Abstract

The liver anatomical position between the splanchnic venous system and the systemic circulation exposes the organ to food, microbiota, and self-antigens, to which immune reactivity must be avoided. Injection of antigens in the portal vein induces systemic tolerance; in contrast the presence of porto-systemic shunts leads to systemic reactivity [1, 2]. Plasmocytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) are important players in preventing oral T cell priming and inducing systemic tolerance [3]. In addition, the liver must also protect itself against potentially harmful pathogens and allow the development of effective immune responses. Such a delicate balance between tolerance and immunity is crucial for the integrity of the organ. Disturbances of hepatic immune homeostasis can lead to autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and in the case of foreign antigens to chronic viral infections such as those produced by the hepatitis B and C viruses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Cote Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5

    Fernando Alvarez

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA

    M. Eric Gershwin

  2. Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    John M. Vierling

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School of Hannover, Germany

    Michael P. Manns

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Alvarez, F. (2014). The Diagnosis and Classification of Immune-Mediated Hepatic Diseases. In: Gershwin, M., Vierling, J., Manns, M. (eds) Liver Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02096-9_8

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