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Pigments and Paint Dispersions

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Particulate Products

Part of the book series: Particle Technology Series ((POTS,volume 19))

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Abstract

Signs of paint application have been found in caves, dating over 100,000 years ago. At that time, paint composition was based on natural resources. Nowadays, composition has changed considerably, because (1) many new constituents became available, (2) knowledge has increased and (3) new challenges and requirements have arisen. This chapter starts by listing the multitude of requirements for modern paints and overviews the relationship between composition and dispersion. The chapter deals with two paint types, viz. the conventional paint based on organic solvents and the modern water-based latex paint. Pigment particles provide the most important contribution to paint in terms of the desired optical properties (color, gloss and hiding power). These are explained and their relationships with refractive index, particle size distribution (PSD) and concentration of pigments and extenders are elucidated. The rheological, non-Newtonian behavior of paint is the second essential contribution to the performance of liquid paints. Adequate tuning of the viscosity at different shear rates is required for best performance at various stages during production and application. Especially where the concentration of solids comes close to their maximum packing density, attention should be paid to both concentration and packing density in relation to the PSD. Adequate de-agglomeration of pigments and extenders is necessary during their dispersion in view of both optical performance and minimum binder requirement. For water-based paints, both size and minimum film formation temperature of the colloidal polymer particles are extra points for attention. The quality of PSD measurement primarily depends on the presence of adequate analysis criteria and good sampling and dispersion methods that fulfill these criteria. Many measurement techniques are available, but they differ in requirements for concentration (dilution), precision, resolution and sensitivity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that the refractive index not only depends on composition and structure but sometimes also on the wavelength of light. Note further that refraction depends on the relative refractive index, that is the ratio of RI of pigment to that of continuous phase.

  2. 2.

    Note that adequate dispersion of dry powders containing sub-micrometre particles may be very difficult.

  3. 3.

    A fairly new instrument measures Brownian motion of suspended particles directly, through microscopic inspection after illumination by a focused laser beam (particle tracking technique).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Park Berkenoord 30, Pijnacker, 2641 CZ, The Netherlands

    Henk G. Merkus (Retired Associate Professor)

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  1. Henk G. Merkus
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Correspondence to Henk G. Merkus .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Pijnacker, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Henk G. Merkus

  2. DSM Food Specialities, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Gabriel M.H. Meesters

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Merkus, H.G. (2014). Pigments and Paint Dispersions. In: Merkus, H., Meesters, G. (eds) Particulate Products. Particle Technology Series, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00714-4_12

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