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Advanced Imaging in Congenital Abnormalities of Coronary Arteries in Children

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Congenital Anomalies of Coronary Arteries

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Abstract

Over recent years, non-invasive imaging of the coronary arteries in children has improved significantly due to technological advances in imaging techniques, particularly echocardiography and CT angiography reserving gold-standard invasive coronagraphy for very small proportion of cases. Visualisation of the coronary arteries in a fetus is now possible in real-time 2D echocardiography and colour Doppler mapping, and a high diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography in children resulted in increased frequency of diagnosis of congenital coronary abnormalities, even in asymptomatic patients and often with an uncertain impact on long-term outcome. Intraoperative (transthoracic and epicardial) echocardiography became a standard imaging modality to ascertain the immediate result of operation by high-resolution echocardiography and Doppler flow analysis. Coronary CT angiography has undergone technological progress that had led to ultra-fast acquisition and high spatial resolution imaging of the coronary arteries at an ever-lower radiation exposure, providing detailed three-dimensional imaging of the coronary arterial morphology, lumen, and surrounding structures. As a result, CT angiography is now a mainstay in the diagnosis of coronary arterial disease in children. Progresses in images have played a pivotal role in the development of new applications such as virtual reality and advanced modelling and simulations. Such advances hold great potential as valuable complementary tools in the anatomical and functional assessment of coronary arterial disease in children.

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  1. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, University College London, London, UK

    Jan Marek, Kristian Mortensen & Claudio Capelli

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  1. Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Gianfranco Butera

  2. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Policlinico San Donato, SAN DONATO MILANESE, Milano, Italy

    Alessandro Frigiola

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Marek, J., Mortensen, K., Capelli, C. (2023). Advanced Imaging in Congenital Abnormalities of Coronary Arteries in Children. In: Butera, G., Frigiola, A. (eds) Congenital Anomalies of Coronary Arteries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36966-7_10

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