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Production and Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Impact of Diabetes

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Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons (CM), produced by the liver and intestine, respectively, are referred to as triglyceride rich-lipoproteins (TGRLs) and present pro-atherogenic characteristics. After lipoprotein secretion, triglycerides are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase; the resulting remnant lipoproteins are enriched in cholesterol and can be taken up by cells.

Insulin plays a key regulatory role in the metabolism of TGRLs; insulin resistance increases plasma levels of VLDL triglycerides and apoB100, increases small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and reduces plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

TGRLs induce vascular dysfunction first by promoting endothelial activation and the expression of adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors involved in the inflammatory process, but also by enhancing lipid deposition within arterial macrophages, thus contributing to the generation of foam cells. These findings support the key role of TGRLs in the early stages of atherogenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis-SISA Lombardia, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy

    Angela Pirillo & Giuseppe D. Norata

  2. IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy

    Angela Pirillo & Alberico L. Catapano

  3. Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe D. Norata & Alberico L. Catapano

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  1. Angela Pirillo
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  1. NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Alicia J. Jenkins

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Peter P. Toth

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Pirillo, A., Norata, G.D., Catapano, A.L. (2023). Production and Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Impact of Diabetes. In: Jenkins, A.J., Toth, P.P. (eds) Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26681-2_7

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