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Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Health

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Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 22))

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible free radical and universal messenger that is produced from L-arginine by three different isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO plays an important role in the regulation of variety of physiological functions including myocardial contractility, vascular tone, blood pressure, cell growth, proliferation and platelet aggregation. Most of the effects of NO are mediated through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase–cGMP system, however, cGMP-independent pathways have also been shown to be responsible in mediating its effects. The levels of NO are regulated by several factors and cofactors required for the activation of NOS, however, reduced bioavailability of these factors results in the decreased levels of NO and thereby endothelial dysfunction leading to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis etc. This review will focus on the role of NO in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system including vascular remodeling, hypertension and the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these functions.

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Acknowledgements

Original work contributing to this chapter was supported by grants from the Heart Stroke Foundation of Canada and Canadian Institutes of Health Research to M.B.A.-S. and A.K.S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada

    Yuan Li & Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava

  2. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de, University of Montreal, l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada

    Ashok K. Srivastava

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  1. Yuan Li
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  2. Ashok K. Srivastava
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  3. Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava
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Correspondence to Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India

    Arunabha Ray

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Kavita Gulati

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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Li, Y., Srivastava, A.K., Anand-Srivastava, M.B. (2023). Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Health. In: Ray, A., Gulati, K. (eds) Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24778-1_2

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