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Occurrence and Health Risks of Antibiotic Resistance in African Aquatic Systems

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Antimicrobial Research and One Health in Africa

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global health concern that has attracted significant attention. Recently, antibiotic resistance has been reported in African aquatic systems, including surface water, groundwater, rainwater harvesting systems, and wastewater. However, comprehensive reviews summarizing Africa’s existing body of knowledge are still lacking. First, the chapter discusses the sources and occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the following aquatic compartments: (1) wastewater, (2) surface water, (3) groundwater systems, and (4) rainwater harvesting and drinking water systems. Second, the behavior, fate, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance via horizontal gene transfer and hydrologically mediated processes in aquatic systems are presented. Also, the potential human exposure and health risks to African communities relying on untreated drinking water are highlighted. Third, methods for removing antibiotic resistance in aquatic systems, including their advantages and limitations, are summarized. Finally, the chapter highlights the knowledge gaps and challenges constraining antibiotic resistance research in Africa, including lack of funding, research infrastructure, and expertise.

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Acknowledgments and Funding

The study received no external funding.

Credits: Author Contributions

WG, conceptualization, coordination, and finalization; WG, NN, JM, MZ, MM, IN, TM, and NC contributed equally to methodology, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing – original draft, review, revision, and editing.

Declaration of Interest

All authors declare no conflict of interest, financially or otherwise.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Willis Gwenzi

  2. Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe

    Nyashadzashe Ngaza, Jerikias Marumure, Zakio Makuvara, Morleen Muteveri & Isaac Nyambiya

  3. Department of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa

    Tendai Musvuugwa

  4. Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa

    Nhamo Chaukura

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  1. Willis Gwenzi
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Correspondence to Willis Gwenzi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Antimicro Res Unit, Westville Campus, UKZN, Coll of Health Sci, Dept Pharma, Westville, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

    Akebe Luther King Abia

  2. Antimicrobial Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

    Sabiha Yusuf Essack

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Gwenzi, W. et al. (2023). Occurrence and Health Risks of Antibiotic Resistance in African Aquatic Systems. In: Abia, A.L.K., Essack, S.Y. (eds) Antimicrobial Research and One Health in Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23796-6_7

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