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Traumatic Brain Injury

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Pediatric Neurosurgery Board Review

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is a global cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality, particularly among the pediatric population. Pediatric neurotrauma fundamentally differs from neurotrauma in adults. This chapter addresses the fundamentals of neurosurgical care management specific to pediatric traumatic brain injury, starting with the presentation of patients in the field and progressing through their hospital stay and beyond.

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Abbreviations

CBF:

Cerebral blood flow

CBV:

Cerebral blood volume

CMRO2:

Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen

CN:

Cranial nerve

CPP:

Cerebral perfusion pressure

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSW:

Cerebral salt wasting

CT:

Computed tomogram or computed tomography

CTA:

Computed tomography angiography

CVP:

Central venous pressure

EDH:

Epidural hematoma

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

EVD:

External ventricular drain

FiO2:

Fraction of inspired oxygen

GCS:

Glasgow Coma Scale

ICP:

Intracranial pressure

ICU:

Intensive care unit

INR:

International normalized ratio

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PbrO2:

Partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue

PTS:

Posttraumatic seizures

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

SDH:

Subdural hematoma

SIADH:

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

SpO2:

Peripheral oxygen saturation

TAI:

Traumatic axonal injury

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Timothy C. Gooldy

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, West Virginia University, J. W. Ruby Memorial Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Morgantown, WV, USA

    P. David Adelson

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  1. Timothy C. Gooldy
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Correspondence to P. David Adelson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Semmes-Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA

    Nir Shimony

  2. David Goldenberg Family Endowed Chair, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA

    George Jallo

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We thank the staff of Neuroscience Publications at Barrow Neurological Institute for assistance with manuscript preparation.

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Dr. Adelson is a consultant for Medtronic, PLC. No other authors have any conflicts of interest for this work.

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Gooldy, T.C., Adelson, P.D. (2023). Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Shimony, N., Jallo, G. (eds) Pediatric Neurosurgery Board Review. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23687-7_17

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