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Crop Diversification Using Saline Resources: Step Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture and Reclamation of Marginal Lands

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The Food Security, Biodiversity, and Climate Nexus

Abstract

Global climatic changes have influenced world biodiversity and ecosystems. Massive industrialization, deforestation, and pollution have accelerated the process resulting in land degradation and major crop losses and limiting food resources. Extreme climate variability and change have directly impacted on crop production. These changes include the rise of temperature and intermittent rainfall and drought. Global climatic challenges in tandem with the reduction of freshwater resources, soil salinization, and expanding salinity due to erroneous irrigation techniques have exacerbated the problems of productive land degradation. Countries existing in arid climates (such as in the Gulf region), including Pakistan, are prone to face food insecurity as a consequence of fluctuating market prices owing to huge rates of food import. With an ever-increasing population, there has been a significant rise in starvation with estimates indicating a 25–75% increase in production to fulfill food demand. Considering these facts, effective measures are needed to feed the world population. However, this would necessitate well-planned system. This chapter highlights the conceivable outcomes of climate-smart agriculture and reclamation of marginal lands by using saline resources. Recent studies suggested that crop diversification (non-conventional agriculture) using natural saline resources may provide a solution to feed the livestock besides helping in land reclamation. Research on salt and drought resisting plants points toward crop halophytism that may assist in achieving the essential targets. The ability of halophytes to adapt to climatic changes and human activities has been discovered, which could aid in the global fight against hunger. The removal of salts and trace metals, as well as intercropping halophytes with traditional crops for diverse ecological and economic goals on degraded lands, has been studied.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Irfan Aziz & Amtul Mujeeb

  2. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Azaiez Ouled Belgacem

  3. Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mirza Barjees Baig

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  1. Irfan Aziz
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  2. Amtul Mujeeb
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  3. Azaiez Ouled Belgacem
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  4. Mirza Barjees Baig
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Correspondence to Irfan Aziz .

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  1. Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CESE), Rabat, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

  2. Manager, Sustainable Landscapes and Restoration Program, World Resources Institute, New Delhi, India

    Himangana Gupta

  3. Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mirza Barjees Baig

  4. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Ijaz Rasool Noorka

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Aziz, I., Mujeeb, A., Belgacem, A.O., Baig, M.B. (2022). Crop Diversification Using Saline Resources: Step Towards Climate-Smart Agriculture and Reclamation of Marginal Lands. In: Behnassi, M., Gupta, H., Barjees Baig, M., Noorka, I.R. (eds) The Food Security, Biodiversity, and Climate Nexus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12586-7_21

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