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New Concepts of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in the Control of Motility

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The Enteric Nervous System II

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1383))

Abstract

Propulsive gastrointestinal (GI) motility is critical for digestive physiology and host defense. GI motility is finely regulated by the intramural reflex pathways of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is in turn regulated by luminal factors: diet and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem of commensal bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes. The gut microbiota not only regulates the motor programs of the ENS but also is critical for the normal structure and function of the ENS. In this chapter, we highlight recent research that has shed light on the microbial mechanisms of interaction with the ENS involved in the control of motility. Toll-like receptor signaling mechanisms have been shown to maintain the structural integrity of the ENS and the neurochemical phenotypes of enteric neurons, in part through the production of trophic factors including glia-derived neurotrophic factor. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and/or single-stranded RNA regulates the synthesis of serotonin in enterochromaffin cells, which are involved in the initiation of enteric reflexes, among other functions. Further evidence suggests a crucial role for microbial modulation of serotonin in maintaining the integrity of the ENS through enteric neurogenesis. Understanding the microbial pathways of enteric neural control sheds new light on digestive health and provides novel treatment strategies for GI motility disorders.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Author Contributions

All authors reviewed the literature and drafted the manuscript, critically reviewed the content, revised the manuscript, and approved it for submission.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (SAH and KAS). FAV was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. TF and SGR were supported by Alberta Innovates Summer Research Studentships.

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Author notes

  1. Fernando A. Vicentini, Tanner Fahlman and Stephanie G. Raptis contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Fernando A. Vicentini

  2. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Fernando A. Vicentini

  3. Inflammation Research Network, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Fernando A. Vicentini

  4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Fernando A. Vicentini

  5. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Tanner Fahlman, Stephanie G. Raptis, Laurie E. Wallace & Keith A. Sharkey

  6. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Tanner Fahlman, Stephanie G. Raptis, Laurie E. Wallace & Keith A. Sharkey

  7. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Tanner Fahlman, Stephanie G. Raptis, Laurie E. Wallace & Keith A. Sharkey

  8. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Simon A. Hirota

  9. Inflammation Research Network, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Simon A. Hirota

  10. Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Simon A. Hirota

  11. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Simon A. Hirota

Authors
  1. Fernando A. Vicentini
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  2. Tanner Fahlman
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  3. Stephanie G. Raptis
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  4. Laurie E. Wallace
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  5. Simon A. Hirota
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  6. Keith A. Sharkey
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keith A. Sharkey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine & Public Health Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Nick J. Spencer

  2. College of Medicine & Public Health Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Marcello Costa

  3. South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Stuart M. Brierley

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Vicentini, F.A., Fahlman, T., Raptis, S.G., Wallace, L.E., Hirota, S.A., Sharkey, K.A. (2022). New Concepts of the Interplay Between the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System in the Control of Motility. In: Spencer, N.J., Costa, M., Brierley, S.M. (eds) The Enteric Nervous System II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1383. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_6

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