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Allelochemicals From Pteridium arachnoideum

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Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Pteridium arachnoideum, also known as the Neotropical bracken fern, is a plant species native to South America and an aggressive invader that, as well as other bracken species around the globe, represent a challenge for the management and conservation of biodiversity as they become dominant in degraded or anthropic areas, causing significant environmental changes. Much interest in the phytochemistry of Pteridium species exists especially because of the toxic and carcinogenic action of these plants when consumed by mammals, effects caused by the norsesquiterpene glycoside ptaquiloside. Polyphenolic compounds are the main chemical class of secondary metabolites in bracken species, although they are not considered the main toxic substances produced by them. Among these compounds, condensed tannins, such as proanthocyanidins and prodelphins derivatives, are the main ones, both being associated with anti-herbivory and UV radiation protection. Efforts to understand bracken super-dominance underlying mechanisms date back to the beginning of the twentieth century and are still not well understood. Early evidence pointed to the role of bracken phenolics as allelochemicals, secondary metabolites with interfering activity on neighboring plant development, soil microbiota, or soil properties. The production of such allelochemicals could lead to better competitive fitness, explaining bracken super-dominant behavior. The proanthocyanidin selliguein A is the only allelochemical isolated and identified to this day for all bracken species, found as the major secondary metabolite of P. arachnoideum green fronds and litter, present in the soil under Neotropical bracken patches in bioactive phytotoxic concentrations. The relation between abiotic stress and condensed tannin content in this plant and its possible relation to plant dominance mediated by allelopathy is discussed, as well as other open questions important to understanding and controlling one of the most common and aggressive plant species complexes in the world, from the point of view of its allelochemicals.

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Abbreviations

IAS:

International Allelopathy Society

IC50:

Minimal concentration needed of a given bioactive substance to promote 50% of the desired effect

UV:

Ultraviolet radiation

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  1. Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of São Paulo – IFSP, Hortolândia, Brazil

    Luciana de Jesus Jatoba

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  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

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Jatoba, L.d.J. (2023). Allelochemicals From Pteridium arachnoideum. In: Murthy, H.N. (eds) Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97415-2_24-1

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