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Methods to Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Exercise in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries

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Regenerative Rehabilitation

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

Physical deconditioning commonly occurs following spinal cord injury (SCI) due to loss of voluntary functional movement and resultant increased sedentary behavior. This lesser energy expenditure leads to increased fat mass, decreased lean tissue mass, increased body mass index, declines in cardiac structure and function, reduced insulin sensitivity, and lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Collectively these physiological changes increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Exercise as a therapy after an SCI may mitigate these negative health effects and improve quality and longevity of life. However, current exercise interventions for individuals with SCI may not be sufficient to prevent the elevations in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, interventions to enhance the effectiveness of exercise therapy may be needed in this population in order to experience the same benefits seen by the uninjured population. Further, adjunctive therapies that mimic exercise may induce health benefits to combat cardiovascular disease. This chapter highlights novel interventions that may enhance function, increase exercise capacity, and decrease disease risk in individuals following an SCI. An effort was made to concentrate this chapter on human investigations of SCI but, where appropriate, investigations using animal models of SCI are referenced and specifically stated. Although this chapter highlights novel interventions to enhance the positive health benefits of exercise, combinations of these interventions may be necessary to improve the health of these individuals and warrants future investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Matthew R. Ely, Ryan J. Solinsky & J. Andrew Taylor

  2. Department of Sport Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, MA, USA

    Brett R. Ely

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  1. Matthew R. Ely
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  4. J. Andrew Taylor
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Correspondence to J. Andrew Taylor .

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  1. School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Sarah M. Greising

  2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Jarrod A. Call

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Ely, M.R., Ely, B.R., Solinsky, R.J., Taylor, J.A. (2022). Methods to Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Exercise in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries. In: Greising, S.M., Call, J.A. (eds) Regenerative Rehabilitation. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95884-8_12

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