Abstract
This paper proposes a lightweight authenticated encryption (AE) scheme, called Light-OCB, which can be viewed as a lighter variant of the CAESAR winner OCB as well as a faster variant of the high profile NIST LWC competition submission LOCUS-AEAD. Light-OCB is structurally similar to LOCUS-AEAD and uses a nonce-based derived key that provides optimal security, and short-tweak tweakable blockcipher (tBC) for efficient domain separation. Light-OCB improves over LOCUS-AEAD by reducing the number of primitive calls, and thereby significantly optimizing the throughput. To establish our claim, we provide FPGA hardware implementation details and benchmark for Light-OCB against LOCUS-AEAD and several other well-known AEs. The implementation results depict that, when instantiated with the tBC TweGIFT64, Light-OCB achieves an extremely low hardware footprint - consuming only around 1128 LUTs and 307 slices (significantly lower than that for LOCUS-AEAD) while maintaining a throughput of 880 Mbps, which is almost twice that of LOCUS-AEAD. To the best of our knowledge, this figure is significantly better than all the known implementation results of other lightweight ciphers with parallel structures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreeva, E., Bogdanov, A., Luykx, A., Mennink, B., Tischhauser, E., Yasuda, K.: Parallelizable and authenticated online ciphers. In: Sako, K., Sarkar, P. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2013. LNCS, vol. 8269, pp. 424–443. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42033-7_22
Authenticated Encryption FPGA Ranking. https://cryptography.gmu.edu/athenadb/fpga_auth_cipher/rankings_view
Banik, S., Pandey, S.K., Peyrin, T., Sasaki, Yu., Sim, S.M., Todo, Y.: GIFT: a small present - towards reaching the limit of lightweight encryption. In: Fischer, W., Homma, N. (eds.) CHES 2017. LNCS, vol. 10529, pp. 321–345. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66787-4_16
Beierle, C., et al.: The SKINNY family of block ciphers and its low-latency variant MANTIS. In: Robshaw, M., Katz, J. (eds.) CRYPTO 2016, Part II. LNCS, vol. 9815, pp. 123–153. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53008-5_5
Black, J., Rogaway, P.: A block-cipher mode of operation for parallelizable message authentication. In: Knudsen, L.R. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2332, pp. 384–397. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46035-7_25
Bogdanov, A., et al.: PRESENT: an ultra-lightweight block cipher. In: Paillier, P., Verbauwhede, I. (eds.) CHES 2007. LNCS, vol. 4727, pp. 450–466. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74735-2_31
Bossuet, L., Datta, N., Mancillas-López, C., Nandi, M.: ELmD: a pipelineable authenticated encryption and its hardware implementation. IEEE Trans. Comput. 65(11), 3318–3331 (2016)
CAESAR: Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness. http://competitions.cr.yp.to/caesar.html
Chakraborti, A., Datta, N., Jha, A., Mancillas-López, C., Nandi, M., Yu, S.: Elastic-tweak: a framework for short tweak tweakable block cipher. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2019:440 (2019)
Chakraborti, A., Datta, N., Jha, A., Mancillas-López, C., Nandi, M., Sasaki, Yu.: INT-RUP secure lightweight parallel AE modes. IACR Trans. Symmetric Cryptol. 2019(4), 81–118 (2019)
Chakraborti, A., Datta, N., Nandi, M.: On the optimality of non-linear computations for symmetric key primitives. J. Math. Cryptol. 12(4), 241–259 (2018)
Krovetz, T., Rogaway, P.: The software performance of authenticated-encryption modes. In: Joux, A. (ed.) FSE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6733, pp. 306–327. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21702-9_18
Krovetz, T., Rogaway, P.: OCB(v1.1). Submission to CAESAR (2016). https://competitions.cr.yp.to/round3/ocbv11.pdf
Liskov, M., Rivest, R.L., Wagner, D.: Tweakable block ciphers. In: Yung, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 2002. LNCS, vol. 2442, pp. 31–46. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45708-9_3
Minematsu, K.: AES-OTR v3.1. Submission to CAESAR (2016). https://competitions.cr.yp.to/round3/aesotrv31.pdf
Naito, Y.: Tweakable blockciphers for efficient authenticated encryptions with beyond the birthday-bound security. IACR Trans. Symmetric Cryptol. 2017(2), 1–26 (2017)
NIST. Lightweight cryptography. https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Lightweight-Cryptography
National Centre of Excellence. Light-weight Cipher Design Challenge. https://www.dsci.in/ncoe-light-weight-cipher-design-challenge-2020/
OMA-SpecWorks. Lightweight-M2M (2019). https://www.omaspecworks.org/what-is-oma-specworks/iot/lightweight-m2m-lwm2m/
Patarin, J.: The “coefficients H’’ technique. In: Avanzi, R.M., Keliher, L., Sica, F. (eds.) SAC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5381, pp. 328–345. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04159-4_21
Rogaway, P., Bellare, M., Black, J.: OCB: a block-cipher mode of operation for efficient authenticated encryption. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. 6(3), 365–403 (2003)
Vaudenay, S.: Decorrelation: a theory for block cipher security. J. Cryptol. 16(4), 249–286 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-003-0220-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chakraborti, A., Datta, N., Jha, A., Mancillas-López, C., Nandi, M. (2022). Light-OCB: Parallel Lightweight Authenticated Cipher with Full Security. In: Batina, L., Picek, S., Mondal, M. (eds) Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering. SPACE 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13162. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95085-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95085-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95084-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95085-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)