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Obesity and Diabetes

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Natural Products in Obesity and Diabetes

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Abstract

An increasing pandemic of obesity and diabetes (diabetes mellitus, DM) has become a serious health concern worldwide because these diseases contribute to the development of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, kidney diseases, ocular diseases, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and some types of cancer, among others. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease commonly accompanied by insulin resistance, increased oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation and is characterized by accumulation of an excess fat mass in the body. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta-cells or impaired insulin secretion and insulin action. The rise of obesity has been attributed to different potential factors including genetic predisposition, Western-type fast food diet, lack of physical activity, and social status. According to the report of the International Obesity Task Force, more than 600 million people are obese, and the number of obese-born children in developing countries is increasing at an alarming rate. One of three children born in this century is expected to develop obesity-related diabetes. Currently prescribed synthetic drugs for obesity and diabetes have several side effects on long-term use. A variety of natural products including antioxidant phytochemicals has emerged as promising potent herbal drugs for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and their associated complications. Recent “omics” technologies (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics) have potentially improved our knowledge to identify the mechanism of action of these traditional natural medicines and the process of biosynthesis in nature and their efficient identification. Recent understanding on the diagnosis, clinical pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical treatments, and consequences of obesity and diabetes are summarized in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India

    Biswanath Dinda

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Shekhar Saha

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  1. Biswanath Dinda
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  1. Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India

    Biswanath Dinda

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Dinda, B., Saha, S. (2022). Obesity and Diabetes. In: Dinda, B. (eds) Natural Products in Obesity and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92196-5_1

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