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Dentoalveolar Bone in Orthodontic Patients: The Periodontal Perspective

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Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy

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Abstract

Dentoalveolar bone is a living mineralized connective tissue that remodels with the periodontal complex to support dentition. The original structure of the alveolar bone is defined by the eruption and position of the teeth but later its boundary and plasticity can delineate the limitation and complications of orthodontic tooth movement. As the population ages, increased interest in orthodontic therapy by the adult population has grown significantly. The dentoalveolar bone and periodontal phenotype need accurate diagnosis and careful interdisciplinary management in this population since bone deficiency and thin periodontal tissues are common findings. This chapter will discuss the effect of aging on the volume and plasticity of dentoalveolar bone, impact of osteoporosis-related medications, and systemic factors that can alter bone metabolism and influence orthodontic treatment. Clinical scenarios and challenges such as orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease or reduced periodontium as well as patients with deficient alveolar ridge and thin periodontal phenotype will be discussed. Orthodontic treatment plans may need to integrate phenotype augmentation or dentoalveolar ridge reconstruction to overcome the deficiency and enhance tissue stability. Surgically-Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT) should be considered as part of comprehensive treatment planning and patient management to address these challenges.

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Abbreviations

APE:

Altered passive eruption

ASE:

Active secondary eruption

BOP:

Bleeding on probing

CAL:

Clinical attachment level

CBCT:

Cone beam tomography study

CEJ:

Cemento-enamel junction

CMD:

Chronic metabolic diseases

CMT:

Congenitally missing teeth

FGG:

Free soft tissue graft

GBR:

Guided bone regeneration

GTR:

Guided Tissue Regeneration

KG:

Keratinized gingiva

MGJ:

Mucogingival junction

OTM:

Orthodontic tooth movement

PDL:

Periodontal ligament

PGs:

Prostaglandins

PhMT:

Phenotype modification therapy

PPD:

Probing pocket depth

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

SFOT:

Surgically-Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy SFOT

SPT:

Supportive periodontal therapy

TCPC:

Beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramics

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Rafael Siqueira

  2. Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Gustavo Fernandes, Riccardo Di Gianfilippo & Jeff CW. Wang

  3. School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Jeff CW. Wang

  4. Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Jeff CW. Wang

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Siqueira, R., Fernandes, G., Di Gianfilippo, R., Wang, J.C. (2023). Dentoalveolar Bone in Orthodontic Patients: The Periodontal Perspective. In: Mandelaris, G.A., Vence, B.S. (eds) Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90099-1_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90099-1_18

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90099-1

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