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Current Soil Bioremediation Technologies: An Assessment

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Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management

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Abstract

Increasing global industrialization and modern agricultural practices has resulted in a rise in the incidences of soil pollutants like hydrocarbons, pesticides and heavy metals; all of which are linked to adverse health issues. Remediation of contaminated soil is essential not only for restoration of ecosystem but also for urban development. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been applied for soil remediation. Bioremediation or processes involving biological processes are fast picking up as effective treatment technologies not only because of their efficiency but also because of their environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. The process is capable of degrading diverse types of pollutants including the persistent aromatic hydrocarbons; hence, bioremediation is a viable and effective technology for mitigation of soil pollutants. Choice of appropriate and feasible bioremediation technology for example phytoremediation, mycoremediation, bioventing, biopiles, composting etc. depends on the environmental conditions, type of pollutant, composition of soil, incurring treatment costs and available treatment time. Thus, detailed characterization and analysis of the contaminated site is a vital step toward successful bioremediation. More recently, use of surfactants/biosurfactants, nanomaterials along with genetically engineered biocatalysts has helped in enhancing the rate of removal/degradation of contaminants in the contaminated site. Use of more than one remediation technology has been preferred for remediation of complex sites. The aim of this chapter is to address the source, type and toxicity effects of soil contaminants followed by a detailed discussion on the different types of in situ and ex situ remediation processes applied till date along with their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, current scenario of new technologies vis-a-vis soil bioremediation is detailed. The objective of the chapter is to provide an updated information on the fundamentals, classification of bioremediation as a treatment technology along with affecting factors for the reclamation of contaminated soil, which will aid readers in selection of the appropriate technology. Future and current research prospects are addressed to assist researchers and scientists for the ongoing work in related field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India

    Arunima Nayak & Brij Bhushan

  2. Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India

    Ivan Wilson

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  1. Arunima Nayak
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  2. Brij Bhushan
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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bijbehara, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

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Nayak, A., Bhushan, B., Wilson, I. (2022). Current Soil Bioremediation Technologies: An Assessment. In: Malik, J.A. (eds) Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89984-4_2

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