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Chromium Contamination in Soil and Its Bioremediation: An Overview

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Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in the environment has been considered as an important threat to the life in recent days. Chromium contamination is also listed among the potential threat to the human and animals as well as plants. Chromium is a ubiquitous metal having three main oxidation states viz., Cr2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+. Among these, divalent form is unstable. Chromium and its particulates are excreted into the environment from different industries like tanneries, textiles, ore mining, printing-photographic houses, dyeing factories, electroplating workshops and medical industries. Hexavalent chromium having carcinogenic potentiality is considered to be the most toxic form because it can readily cross the biomembrane of organisms. Chromium can contaminate soil, groundwater and surface water. To render the contaminated resource reusable, chromium must be removed physically or by using the techniques of bioremediation. Bioremediation has been considered as the future of waste management technologies for sustainable development. The process includes the involvement of plants and microbes that are capable of absorbing, degrading and removing contaminated chromium from the environment. Usually, the process can be practiced both ex situ and in situ taking the advantage of natural homeostasis mechanism of environment. Among these two, in situ practice is cheaper and environment friendly.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the authorities of Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, for their support during the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecotoxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India

    Avijit Bakshi

  2. University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India

    Ashis Kumar Panigrahi

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  1. Avijit Bakshi
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  2. Ashis Kumar Panigrahi
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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bijbehara, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

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Bakshi, A., Panigrahi, A.K. (2022). Chromium Contamination in Soil and Its Bioremediation: An Overview. In: Malik, J.A. (eds) Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89984-4_15

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