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Decoherence: From Interpretation to Experiment

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From Quantum to Classical

Part of the book series: Fundamental Theories of Physics ((FTPH,volume 204))

Abstract

I offer a few selected reflections on the decoherence program, with an emphasis on Zeh’s role and views. First, I discuss Zeh’s commitment to a realistic interpretation of the quantum state, which he saw as necessary for a consistent understanding of the decoherence process. I suggest that this commitment has been more fundamental than, and prior to, his support of an Everett-style interpretation of quantum mechanics. Seen through this lens, both his defense of Everett and the genesis of his ideas on decoherence emerge as consequences of his realistic view of the quantum state. Second, I give an overview of experiments on decoherence and describe, using the study of collisional decoherence as an example, the close interplay between experimental advances and theoretical modeling in decoherence research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    My translation.

  2. 2.

    When Freitas, in his interview with Zeh [3], posed the question of the reality of the “unobserved branches of the wave function,” Zeh did not mention Vaihinger’s concept. Instead, his response was simply that this reality “is the consequence, but I think it’s also a matter of definition what you call ‘real.’ In any normal definition of the word, I would call [the branches] real.”

  3. 3.

    As for the prehistory of decoherence, there are some remarks one can find, for example, in the writings of Heisenberg that hint at the role of the environment, albeit without the all-important reference to entanglement [1]. For instance, Heisenberg suggested that “the interference terms are ... removed by the partly undefined interactions of the measuring apparatus, with the system and with the rest of the world” [17, p. 23].

  4. 4.

    Under very specific, carefully designed conditions, however, decoherence may sometimes act as a generator of controlled entanglement [31,32,33,34].

  5. 5.

    Unsurprisingly, Zeh’s own assessment of QBism was negative [8]. He saw it as an interpretation that “replaces the whole physical world by a black box, representing an abstract concept of ‘information’ about inconsistent classical variables, and assumed to be available to vaguely defined ‘agents’ rather than to observers who may be consistent parts of the physical world to be described.”

  6. 6.

    Among these early studies, one should also mention the papers by Walls and Milburn [145] and by Caldeira and Leggett [191], which investigated the influence of damping on the coherence of superpositions. In particular, the master equation derived by Caldeira and Leggett [192] has been widely used in modeling decoherence and dissipation [172, 193, 194], and Camilleri [4] has suggested that Caldeira and Leggett’s work “was of decisive importance not only for the mathematical treatment and conceptual development of environment-induced decoherence, but also for the interpretational context.” It is important to bear in mind, however, that while damping (dissipation) is always accompanied by a loss of coherence, decoherence may be substantial even when there is no loss of energy from the system, as already demonstrated by one of the first models of decoherence [195].

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    Maximilian Schlosshauer

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Schlosshauer, M. (2022). Decoherence: From Interpretation to Experiment. In: Kiefer, C. (eds) From Quantum to Classical. Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol 204. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88781-0_3

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