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The Opportunity of Surfactant Protein D as a Potential Biomarker for Detecting Acute Lung Injury

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Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care

Abstract

Acute lung injury is a medical problem that causes a high mortality rate if it is not detected early and followed by appropriate treatment. The detection of acute lung injury is generally by clinical, radiological, and arterial blood gas analysis. This is a little late because when clinical symptoms appear, the cure rate will decrease. We need an early diagnosis of acute lung injury so that, as clinicians, we can anticipate further organ damage. One idea to detect acute lung injury is by examining the serum surfactant protein D. Although it still has to be combined with clinical examination and other examinations, at least there is a simple technique to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the overall diagnostic method if done holistically before more extensive organ damage occurs.

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Abbreviations

ALI:

Acute lung injury

Ang-2:

Angiopoietin-2

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

AT2:

Alveolar type II pneumocyte

BAL:

Bronchoalveolar lavage

BMI:

Body mass index

CD4:

Cluster of differentiation 4

CD91:

Cluster of differentiation 91

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CRD:

Carbohydrate recognition domain

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

IPF:

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

KGF:

Keratinocyte growth factor

KL-6:

Krebs von den Lungen 6

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MBL:

Mannose-binding lectin

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells

PAMPs:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules

PARS:

Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

PTB:

Pulmonary tuberculosis

RAGE:

Receptor for advanced glycation end products

SARS:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

SNPs:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms

SP-A:

Surfactant protein A

SP-B:

Surfactant protein B

SP-C:

Surfactant protein C

SP-D:

Surfactant protein D

sRAGE:

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products

Th1:

T helper 1 cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VWF:

von Willebrand factor

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Correspondence to Anna Surgean Veterini .

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Veterini, A.S. (2022). The Opportunity of Surfactant Protein D as a Potential Biomarker for Detecting Acute Lung Injury. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87302-8_20-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87302-8_20-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87302-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87302-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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