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Lung Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Response and Regulation During Acute and Chronic Lung Injury

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Abstract

Background

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collection that plays important roles in modulating host defense functions and maintaining phospholipid homeostasis in the lung. The aim of current study was to characterize comparatively the SP-D response in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum in three murine models of lung injury, using a validated ELISA technology for estimation of SP-D levels.

Methods

Mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide, bleomycin, or Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) and sacrificed at different time points.

Results

In lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice, the level of SP-D in BAL increased within 6 h, peaked at 51 h (4,518 ng/ml), and returned to base level at 99 h (612 ng/ml). Serum levels of SP-D increased immediately (8.6 ng/ml), peaked at 51 h (16 ng/ml), and returned to base levels at 99 h (3.8 ng/ml). In a subacute bleomycin inflammation model, SP-D levels were 4,625 and 367 ng/ml in BAL and serum, respectively, 8 days after exposure. In a chronic Pc inflammation model, the highest level of SP-D was observed 6 weeks after inoculation, with BAL and serum levels of 1,868 and 335 ng/ml, respectively.

Conclusions

We conclude that serum levels of SP-D increase during lung injury, with a sustained increment during chronic inflammation compared with acute inflammation. A quick upregulation of SP-D in serum in response to acute airway inflammation supports the notion that SP-D translocates from the airways into the vascular system, in favor of being synthesized systemically. The study also confirms the concept of using increased SP-D serum levels as a biomarker of especially chronic airway inflammation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank technicians Jette Brandt (University of Southern Denmark) and Vivi Schmidt (University of Southern Denmark) for help with establishing and continuously validating the SP-D ELISA. We thank professors W. Michael Foster and Jo Rae Wright (Duke University Medical Center) for help with establishing the Hinner exposure chamber and protocol for LPS exposure. This study was part of a Ph.D. study supported financially by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark and the Region of Southern Denmark. We thank the Hoejbjerg Foundation and the A.P. Moeller Foundation for financial support to obtain materials and reagents. This work was supported by NIH ES P30-013508. The supporting organizations had no part in the protocol or conductance of the study and had no financial interest in the outcome.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Maria Quisgaard Gaunsbaek

  2. Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloevsparken 21, 1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Karina Juhl Rasmussen & Soren Hansen

  3. Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Surfactant Biology Laboratories, Translational Research Center, Room 11-104, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5159, USA

    Michael F. Beers & Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman

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  1. Maria Quisgaard Gaunsbaek
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  2. Karina Juhl Rasmussen
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  3. Michael F. Beers
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  4. Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman
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  5. Soren Hansen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Quisgaard Gaunsbaek.

Additional information

M. Q. Gaunsbaek and K. J. Rasmussen contributed equally to this study.

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Gaunsbaek, M.Q., Rasmussen, K.J., Beers, M.F. et al. Lung Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Response and Regulation During Acute and Chronic Lung Injury. Lung 191, 295–303 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9452-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9452-x

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