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The Microbiome in Acute Lung Injury and ARDS

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The Microbiome in Respiratory Disease

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

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Abstract

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous clinical entity of severe respiratory failure, which develops in response to various inflammatory insults and pathogenetic mechanisms. Clinical and biologic heterogeneity in ARDS has hampered the discovery of targeted and efficacious therapies, and clinical care has remained largely supportive. However, the established causal model of ARDS (i.e., an injurious exposure causing inflammatory lung damage) has not considered a potentially central determinant of pathogenesis: the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that lung microbial communities are significantly altered in patients with ARDS, with dysbiosis accounting for variability in host inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes. In this chapter, we synthesize the ecological models, epidemiologic evidence from human studies, and experimental data from animal models to understand the role of the lung and gut microbiome in ARDS and outline research priorities for clinical translation of microbiome research to innovative care for ARDS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Georgios D. Kitsios & Bryan J. McVerry

  2. Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Georgios D. Kitsios & Bryan J. McVerry

  3. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Christopher Franz

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  1. Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; and Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yvonne J. Huang

  2. National Institute of Environmental Heal, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

    Stavros Garantziotis

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Kitsios, G.D., Franz, C., McVerry, B.J. (2022). The Microbiome in Acute Lung Injury and ARDS. In: Huang, Y.J., Garantziotis, S. (eds) The Microbiome in Respiratory Disease. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87104-8_11

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