Skip to main content

A Multi-agent Based Adaptive E-Learning System

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021 (ICCSA 2021)

Abstract

In this paper, a multi-agent based adaptive e-learning system that supports personalization based on learning styles is proposed. Considering that the importance of distance education has increased with the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is aimed to propose an adaptive e-learning system solution that offers more effective learning experiences by taking into account the individual differences in the learning processes of the students. The Felder and Silverman learning style model was used to represent individual differences in students’ learning processes. In our system, it is aimed to recommend learning materials that are suitable for learning styles and previous knowledge levels of the students. With the multi-agent based structure, an effective control mechanism is devised to monitor the interaction of students with the system and to observe the learning levels of each student. The purpose of this control mechanism is to provide a higher efficiency in the subjects the students study compared to non-personalized e-learning systems. This study focuses on the proposed architecture and the development of the first prototype of it. In order to test the effectiveness of the system, personalized course materials should be prepared according to the learning styles of the students. In this context, it is planned to use the proposed system in future studies within the scope of a course in which the educational content is personalized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Soni, V.D.: Global Impact of E-learning during COVID 19 (2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3630073

  2. Almaiah, M.A., Al-Khasawneh, A., Althunibat, A.: Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Educ. Inf. Technol. 25(6), 5261–5280 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Elumalai, K.V., et al.: Factors affecting the quality of E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education students. In: COVID-19 and Education: Learning and Teaching in a Pandemic-Constrained Environment, p. 189 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sangineto, E., Capuano, N., Gaeta, M., Micarelli, A.: Adaptive course generation through learning styles representation. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 7(1–2), 1–23 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-007-0101-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Essalmi, F., Ayed, L.J.B., Jemni, M., Kinshuk, Graf, S.: A fully personalization strategy of e-learning scenarios. Comput. Hum. Behavior 26(4), 581–591 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: User modeling for adaptive e-learning systems. In: Murgante, B., et al. (eds.) ICCSA 2012. LNCS, vol. 7335, pp. 550–561. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Akbulut, Y., Cardak, C.S.: Adaptive educational hypermedia accommodating learning styles: a content analysis of publications from 2000 to 2011. Comput. Educ. 58(2), 835–842 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Truong, H.M.: Integrating learning styles and adaptive e-learning system: current developments, problems and opportunities. Comput. Hum. Behav. 55, 1185–1193 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ozyurt, O., Ozyurt, H.: Learning style based individualized adaptive e-learning environments: content analysis of the articles published from 2005 to 2014. Comput. Hum. Behav. 52, 349–358 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ciloglugil, B.: Adaptivity based on Felder-Silverman learning styles model in E-learning systems. In: 4th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science, ISITES 2016, pp. 1523–1532 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Felder, R.M., Silverman, L.K.: Learning and teaching styles in engineering education. Eng. Educ. 78(7), 674–681 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gregg, D.G.: E-learning agents. Learn. Organ. 14, 300–312 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Khemakhem, F., Ellouzi, H., Ltifi, H., Ayed, M.B.: Agent-based intelligent decision support systems: a systematic review. IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst., 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2020.3030571

  14. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: Developing adaptive and personalized distributed learning systems with semantic web supported multi agent technology. In: 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2010, Sousse, Tunesia, 5–7 July 2010, pp. 699–700. IEEE Computer Society (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dung, P.Q., Florea, A.M.: An architecture and a domain ontology for personalized multi-agent e-learning systems. In: Third International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering, KSE 2011, pp. 181–185. IEEE. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rani, M., Nayak, R., Vyas, O.P.: An ontology-based adaptive personalized e-learning system, assisted by software agents on cloud storage. Knowl.-Based Syst. 90, 33–48 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sun, S., Joy, M., Griffiths, N.: The use of learning objects and learning styles in a multi-agent education system. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 18(3), 381–398 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schiaffino, S., Garcia, P., Amandi, A.: eTeacher: providing personalized assistance to e-learning students. Comput. Educ. 51(4), 1744–1754 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sandita, A.V., Popirlan, C.I.: Developing a multi-agent system in JADE for Information management in educational competence domains. Procedia Econ. Finance 23, 478–486 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: Exploiting agents and artifacts metamodel to provide abstraction of E-learning resources. In: 17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2017, Timisoara, Romania, 3–7 July 2017 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: An agents and artifacts metamodel based E-learning model to search learning resources. In: Gervasi, O., et al. (eds.) ICCSA 2017. LNCS, vol. 10404, pp. 553–565. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62392-4_40

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: An adaptive E-learning environment architecture based on agents and artifacts metamodel. In: 18th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2018, Mumbai, India, 9–13 July 2018 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: A learner ontology based on learning style models for adaptive E-learning. In: Gervasi, O., et al. (eds.) ICCSA 2018. LNCS, vol. 10961, pp. 199–212. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95165-2_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Marik, V., Gorodetsky, V., Skobelev, P.: Multi-agent technology for industrial applications: barriers and trends. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 1980–1987 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Sci. Am. 284(5), 34–43 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: Ontology usage in E-learning systems focusing on metadata modeling of learning objects. In: International Conference on New Trends in Education, ICNTE 2016, pp. 80–96 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Essalmi, F., Ayed, L.J.B., Jemni, M., Kinshuk, Graf, S.: Selection of appropriate e-learning personalization strategies from ontological perspectives. Interact. Des. Archit. J. IxD&A 9(10), 65–84 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Valaski, J., Malucelli, A., Reinehr, S.: Recommending learning materials according to ontology-based learning styles. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2011, pp. 71–75 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Yarandi, M., Jahankhani, H., Tawil, A.R.H.: A personalized adaptive e-learning approach based on semantic web technology. Webology 10(2), Art-110 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kurilovas, E., Kubilinskiene, S., Dagiene, V.: Web 3.0-based personalisation of learning objects in virtual learning environments. Comput. Hum. Behav. 30, 654–662 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gago, I.S.B., Werneck, V.M.B., Costa, R.M.: Modeling an educational multi-agent system in MaSE. In: Liu, J., Wu, J., Yao, Y., Nishida, T. (eds.) AMT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5820, pp. 335–346. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04875-3_36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Barcelos, C., Gluz, J., Vicari, R.: An agent-based federated learning object search service. Interdisc. J. E-Learn. Learn. Objects 7(1), 37–54 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Norvig, P.R., Intelligence, S.A.: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wooldridge, M.J., Jennings, N.R.: Intelligent agents: theory and practice. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 10(2), 115–152 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Franklin, S., Graesser, A.: Is It an agent, or just a program?: a taxonomy for autonomous agents. In: Müller, J.P., Wooldridge, M.J., Jennings, N.R. (eds.) ATAL 1996. LNCS, vol. 1193, pp. 21–35. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0013570

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Julian, V., Botti, V.: Multi-agent systems. Appl. Sci. 9(7), 1402 (2019). MDPI AG

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mariani, S., Omicini, A.: Special issue “multi-agent systems’’. Appl. Sci. 9(5), 954 (2019). MDPI AG

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Leon, F., Paprzycki, M., Ganzha, M.: A review of agent platforms. In: Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems (MPM4CPS), ICT COST Action IC1404, pp. 1–15 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kravari, K., Bassiliades, N.: A survey of agent platforms. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 18(1), 11 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Bordini, R.H., et al.: A survey of programming languages and platforms for multi-agent systems. Informatica 30(1), 33–44 (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Pal, C. V., Leon, F., Paprzycki, M., Ganzha, M.: A review of platforms for the development of agent systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.08961 (2020)

  42. Kravari, K., Kontopoulos, E., Bassiliades, N.: EMERALD: a multi-agent system for knowledge-based reasoning interoperability in the semantic web. In: Konstantopoulos, S., Perantonis, S., Karkaletsis, V., Spyropoulos, C.D., Vouros, G. (eds.) SETN 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6040, pp. 173–182. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12842-4_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Braubach, L., Lamersdorf, W., Pokahr, A.: Jadex: implementing a BDI-infrastructure for JADE agents. EXP Search Innov. 3(3), 76–85 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bergenti, F., Caire, G., Monica, S., Poggi, A.: The first twenty years of agent-based software development with JADE. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst. 34(2), 1–19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-020-09460-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Balachandran, B.M., Enkhsaikhan, M.: Developing multi-agent E-commerce applications with JADE. In: Apolloni, B., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L. (eds.) KES 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4694, pp. 941–949. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74829-8_115

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhao, Z., Belloum, A., De Laat, C., Adriaans, P., Hertzberger, B.: Using Jade agent framework to prototype an e-Science workflow bus. In: Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2007), pp. 655–660 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kularbphettong, K., Clayton, G., Meesad, P.: e-Wedding based on multi-agent system. In: Demazeau, Y., et al. (eds.) Trends in Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol. 71, pp. 285–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12433-4_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. van Moergestel, L., Puik, E., Telgen, D., van Rijn, R., Segerius, B., Meyer, J.J.: A multiagent-based agile work distribution system. In: 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), vol. 2, pp. 224–230. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Scutelnicu, A., Lin, F., Kinshuk, Liu, T., Graf, S., McGreal, R.: Integrating JADE agents into moodle. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Intelligent and Adaptive Web-Based Educational Systems, pp. 215–220 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bellifemine, F.L., Caire, G., Greenwood, D.: Developing Multi-agent Systems with JADE, vol. 7. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  51. Klašnja-Milićević, A., Vesin, B., Ivanović, M., Budimac, Z., Jain, L.C.: Agents in E-learning environments. In: E-Learning Systems. ISRL, vol. 112, pp. 43–49. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41163-7_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  52. Ivanović, M., Mitrović, D., Budimac, Z., Vesin, B., Jerinić, L.: Different roles of agents in personalized programming learning environment. In: Chiu, D.K.W., Wang, M., Popescu, E., Li, Q., Lau, R. (eds.) ICWL 2012. LNCS, vol. 7697, pp. 161–170. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  53. Ivanović, M., Mitrović, D., Budimac, Z., Jerinić, L., Bădică, C.: HAPA: harvester and pedagogical agents in e-learning environments. Int. J. Comput. Commun. Control 10(2), 200–210 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Graesser, A.C., et al.: ElectronixTutor: an intelligent tutoring system with multiple learning resources for electronics. Int. J. STEM Educ. 5(1), 15 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Sharma, S., Gupta, J.P.: A novel architecture of agent based crawling for OAI resources. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 2(4), 1190–1195 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Heidig, S., Clarebout, G.: Do pedagogical agents make a difference to student motivation and learning? Educ. Res. Rev. 6(1), 27–54 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. De la Prieta, F., Gil, A.B.: A multi-agent system that searches for learning objects in heterogeneous repositories. In: Demazeau, Y., et al. (eds.) Trends in Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol. 71, pp. 355–362. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12433-4_42

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. Ivanović, M., Pribela, I., Vesin, B., Budimac, Z.: Multifunctional environment for e-learning purposes. Novi Sad J. Math. 38(2), 153–170 (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  59. Klašnja-Milićević, A., Vesin, B., Ivanović, M., Budimac, Z.: E-Learning personalization based on hybrid recommendation strategy and learning style identification. Comput. Educ. 56(3), 885–899 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Viroli, M.: Environment programming in multi-agent systems: an artifact-based perspective. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 23(2), 158–192 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10458-010-9140-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Dalipi, F., Idrizi, F., Rufati, E., Asani, F.: On integration of ontologies into e-learning systems. In: 2014 Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, pp. 149–152. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ciloglugil, B., Inceoglu, M.M.: A Felder and Silverman learning styles model based personalization approach to recommend learning objects. In: Gervasi, O., et al. (eds.) ICCSA 2016. LNCS, vol. 9790, pp. 386–397. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42092-9_30

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project number 18-MUH-035).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Birol Ciloglugil .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ciloglugil, B., Alatli, O., Inceoglu, M.M., Erdur, R.C. (2021). A Multi-agent Based Adaptive E-Learning System. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021. ICCSA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12951. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86970-0_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86970-0_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86969-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86970-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics