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Interaction Between Genetics and Epigenetics in Obesity and Their Clinical Significance

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Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 23))

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Abstract

Complex interplay of genetics and environmental factors in developing obesity has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Different approaches in genetic analysis has illustrated numerous genetic loci that contribute in adiposity traits as monogenic obesity, syndromic obesity, and polygenic obesity. However, current studies are mostly on coding genes. Studies propose that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation plays a substantial role in the regulation of genes, involved in obesity-related processes. Also, miRNAs determine the adipocyte fate. Mechanistically they have impact on adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, long non-coding RNAs play a protective role in metabolic dysfunction during obesity. Even though there are huge amount of evidence regarding genetic and epigenetic factors involved in development of obesity, there are lots of questions yet to be answered.

Zahra Sepehri and Mahsa Motavaf have been equally contributed as the first author.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

α-MSH:

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone

AlkB:

Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase

ADINR:

Adipogenic differentiation-induced noncoding RNA

ASMER-1:

Adipocyte-specific metabolic related-1

BMI:

Body mass index

BAT:

Brown adipose

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMSCs:

Bone marrow–derived stromal cells

CpGs:

Cytosine guanine site

CEBPs:

CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DMRs:

Differentially methylated regions

DZ:

Dizygotic

EBF2:

Early B-cell factor 2

EBPs:

Enhancer-binding proteins

FABP4:

Fatty acid-binding protein 4

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study

GRS:

Genetic risk score

GSK3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

HIF:

Hypoxia inducible transcription factor

HbA1c:

Hemoglobin A1c

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HOTAIR:

HOX Transcript Antisense RNA

HOXD:

Homeobox D Cluster

IL:

Interleukin

IGF1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Kb:

Kilobase pair

Kg:

Kilogram

LncRNA:

Long noncoding RNA

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

MSH:

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

MZ:

Monozygotic

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MAPK1:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1

miR-30:

MicroRNA-30

ncRNA:

Non-coding RNA

PC1:

Prohormone convertase 1

POMC:

Pro-opiomelanocortin

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PGC1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha

PRDM16:

PR-domain containing protein 16

PRC2:

Polycomb repressive complex 2

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

Runx2:

Runtrelated transcription factor 2

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

SREBPs:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein

SAT:

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

SRA:

Steroid receptor RNA activator

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TRIM3:

Tripartite motif-containing 3

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

UBASH3A:

Ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing A

UTR:

Untranslated region

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

VMRs:

Variably methylated regions

WHR:

Waist to hip ratio

WAT:

White adipose

Wnt:

Wingless-related integration site

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran

    Zahra Sepehri

  2. Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MBR30J9, Canada

    Zahra Sepehri

  3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Motavaf

  4. Razi Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Saravan, Iran

    Aliyeh Sargazi

  5. Imamreza Hospital, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Dalgan, Iran

    Aliyeh Sargazi

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Zohre Kiani

  7. Department of Computer, Sanabad Golbahar Institute of Higher Education, Golbahar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran

    Mehdi Sepehri

  8. Internal Medicine-Research Center, Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran

    Moayed S. Alavian

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  1. Zahra Sepehri
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  2. Mahsa Motavaf
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  3. Aliyeh Sargazi
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  4. Zohre Kiani
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  5. Mehdi Sepehri
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  6. Moayed S. Alavian
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Boniface Hospital Research, Asper Clinical Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Paramjit S. Tappia

  2. Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Bram Ramjiawan

  3. St. Boniface Hospital Research, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Sepehri, Z., Motavaf, M., Sargazi, A., Kiani, Z., Sepehri, M., Alavian, M.S. (2021). Interaction Between Genetics and Epigenetics in Obesity and Their Clinical Significance. In: Tappia, P.S., Ramjiawan, B., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84763-0_3

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