Abstract
Niosomes fall into the category of vesicular drug delivery systems as they have lamellar structures that are formed due to the self-assembly of nonionic surfactants. Compared to other vesicular carriers, such as liposomes, niosomes are less toxic due to their nonionic composition. Other added advantages include lesser cost, better stability under wide varieties of pH and better drug carrier capacity. Although developed initially to be used in the cosmeceutical industry, niosomes enter into pharmaceutics, which can be mainly attributed to their multidrug carrier ability. However, niosomes are also associated with shortcomings, some of them being lower drug encapsulation efficiency, non-uniform-sized vesicles and drug leakage during synthesis. In this chapter, an attempt is being made to give the reader an overall idea about the synthesis and characterization of niosomes and the factors affecting its morphology and stability. In addition, the progress made in the research studies and the applications of niosomes is also discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdelkader H, Wu Z, Al-Kassas R, Alany RG (2012) Niosomes and discomes for ocular delivery of naltrexone hydrochloride: morphological, rheological, spreading properties and photo-protective effects. Int J Pharm 433:142–148
Abdelkader H, Alani AWG, Alany RG (2014) Recent advances in non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): Self-assembly, fabrication, characterization, drug delivery applications and limitations. Drug Deliv 21:87–100. https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2013.838077
Aboul-Einien MH, Kandil SM, Abdou EM et al (2020) Ascorbic acid derivative-loaded modified aspasomes: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical evaluation for melasma treatment. J Liposome Res 30:54–67
Aburahma MH, Abdelbary GA (2012) Novel diphenyl dimethyl bicarboxylate provesicular powders with enhanced hepatocurative activity: preparation, optimization, in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 422:139–150
Ag Seleci D, Seleci M, Walter J-G et al (2016) Niosomes as Nanoparticular Drug Carriers: Fundamentals and Recent Applications. J Nanomater 2016:7372306. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7372306
Agarwal S, Mohamed MS, Raveendran S et al (2018) Formulation, characterization and evaluation of morusin loaded niosomes for potentiation of anticancer therapy. RSC Adv 8:32621–32636. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06362a
Alemi A, Reza JZ, Haghiralsadat F et al (2018) Paclitaxel and curcumin coadministration in novel cationic PEGylated niosomal formulations exhibit enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy. J Nanobiotechnol 16:1–20
Alexander A, Dwivedi S, Ajazuddin et al (2012) Approaches for breaking the barriers of drug permeation through transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 164:26–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.017
Ammar HO, Haider M, Ibrahim M, El Hoffy NM (2017) In vitro and in vivo investigation for optimization of niosomal ability for sustainment and bioavailability enhancement of diltiazem after nasal administration. Drug Deliv 24:414–421
Arunothayanun P, Bernard M-S, Craig DQM et al (2000) The effect of processing variables on the physical characteristics of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) formed from a hexadecyl diglycerol ether. Int J Pharm 201:7–14
Aranya, Manosroi Paveena, Wongtrakul Jiradej, Manosroi Hideki, Sakai Fumio, Sugawara Makoto, Yuasa Masahiko, Abe (2003) Characterization of vesicles prepared with various non-ionic surfactants mixed with cholesterol. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 30(1-2) 129-138 10.1016/S0927-7765(03)00080-8
Attia MF, Anton N, Wallyn J et al (2019) An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites. J Pharm Pharmacol 71:1185–1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13098
Azmin MN, Florence AT, Handjani-Vila RM et al (1985) The effect of non-ionic surfactant vesicle (niosome) entrapment on the absorption and distribution of methotrexate in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 37:237–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb05051.x
Bandyopadhyay P, Johnson M (2007) Fatty alcohols or fatty acids as niosomal hybrid carrier: Effect on vesicle size, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro dye release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 58:68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.01.014
Bansal S, Aggarwal G, Chandel P, Harikumar SL (2013) Design and development of cefdinir niosomes for oral delivery. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 5:318
Barlas FB, Demir B, Guler E et al (2016) Multimodal theranostic assemblies: double encapsulation of protoporphyrine-IX/Gd3+ inniosomes. RSC Adv 6:30217–30225. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26737d
Bartelds R, Nematollahi MH, Pols T et al (2018) Niosomes, an alternative for liposomal delivery. PLoS One 13:e0194179
Bayindir ZS, Yuksel N (2010) Characterization of niosomes prepared with various nonionic surfactants for paclitaxel oral delivery. J Pharm Sci 99:2049–2060. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21944
Bini KB, Akhilesh D, Prabhakara P, Kamath JV (2012) Development and characterization of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) for oral delivery of lornoxicam. Int J Drug Dev Res 4:147–154
Biswas GR, Majee SB (2017) Niosomes in ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Med Res 4:813–819
Cametti C (2008) Polyion-induced aggregation of oppositely charged liposomes and charged colloidal particles: the many facets of complex formation in low-density colloidal systems. Chem Phys Lipids 155:63–73
Carafa M, Santucci E, Lucania G (2002) Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles: characterization and in vitro permeation studies. Int J Pharm 231:21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00828-6
Chandu VP, Arunachalam A, Jeganath S et al (2012) International journal of novel trends in pharmaceutical sciences niosomes : a novel drug delivery system. Int J Nov Trends Pharm Sci 2:25–31
Chen S, Hanning S, Falconer J et al (2019) Recent advances in non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): Fabrication, characterization, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 144:18–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.015
Davarpanah F, Khalili Yazdi A, Barani M et al (2018) Magnetic delivery of antitumor carboplatin by using PEGylated-Niosomes. Daru 26:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-018-0215-3
Demir B, Barlas FB, Gumus ZP et al (2018) Theranostic niosomes as a promising tool for combined therapy and diagnosis: “all-in-one” approach. ACS Appl Nano Mater 1:2827–2835. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b00468
Di Marzio L, Marianecci C, Petrone M et al (2011) Novel pH-sensitive non-ionic surfactant vesicles: comparison between Tween 21 and Tween 20. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 82:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.004
Domenici F, Panichelli D, Castellano AC (2009) Alamethicin-lipid interaction studied by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 69:216–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.11.029
Dufes C, Gaillard F, Uchegbu IF et al (2004) Glucose-targeted niosomes deliver vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to the brain. Int J Pharm 285:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.07.020
Durak S, Rad ME, Yetisgin AA et al (2020) Niosomal drug delivery systems for ocular disease—recent advances and future prospects. Nanomaterials 10:1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061191
El-Laithy HM, Shoukry O, Mahran LG (2011) Novel sugar esters proniosomes for transdermal delivery of vinpocetine: preclinical and clinical studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 77:43–55
Ferreira LS, Ramaldes GA, Nunan EA, Ferreira LAM (2004) In vitro skin permeation and retention of paromomycin from liposomes for topical treatment of the cutaneous leishmaniasis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 30:289–296
Gaafar PME, Abdallah OY, Farid RM, Abdelkader H (2014) Preparation, characterization and evaluation of novel elastic nano-sized niosomes (ethoniosomes) for ocular delivery of prednisolone. J Liposome Res 24:204–215
Gandhi A, Sen SO, Paul A (2012) Abstract : introduction : structural components of niosomes 2:339–353
Ge X, Wei M, He S, Yuan WE (2019) Advances of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) and their application in drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11020055
Gharbavi M, Amani J, Kheiri-Manjili H et al (2018) Niosome: a promising nanocarrier for natural drug delivery through blood-brain barrier. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018:6847971. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6847971
D, Gopinath D, Ravi B.R, Rao S.S, Apte D, Renuka D, Rambhau (2004) Ascorbyl palmitate vesicles (Aspasomes): formation characterization and applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 271(1-2) 95-113 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.032
He R-X, Ye X, Li R et al (2017) PEGylated niosomes-mediated drug delivery systems for paeonol: preparation, pharmacokinetics studies and synergistic anti-tumor effects with 5-FU. J Liposome Res 27:161–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982104.2016.1191021
Homaei M (2016) Preparation and characterization of giant niosomes
Isnan AP, Jufri M (2017) Formulation of niosomal gel containing green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) using thin-layer hydration. Int J Appl Pharm 9:38–43. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.23_28
Israelachvili JN, Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW (1976) Theory of self-assembly of hydrocarbon amphiphiles into micelles and bilayers. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 2 72:1525. https://doi.org/10.1039/f29767201525
Jousma H, Joosten JGH, Junginger HE (1988) Mesophases in mixtures of water and polyoxyethylene surfactant: Variations of repeat spacing with temperature and composition. Colloid Polym Sci 266:640–651. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01411505
Jousma H, Joosten JGH, Gooris GS, Junginger HE (1989) Changes of mesophase structure of BRIJ 96/water mixtures on addition of liquid paraffin. Colloid Polym Sci 267:353–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01413630
Junyaprasert VB, Singhsa P, Suksiriworapong J, Chantasart D (2012) Physicochemical properties and skin permeation of Span 60/Tween 60 niosomes of ellagic acid. Int J Pharm 423:303–311
Junyaprasert VB, Singhsa P, Jintapattanakit A (2013) Influence of chemical penetration enhancers on skin permeability of ellagic acid-loaded niosomes. Asian J Pharm Sci 8:110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.014
Kazi KM, Mandal AS, Biswas N et al (2010) Niosome: a future of targeted drug delivery systems. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 1:374
Key A, Sch T, Pharm AJ, et al (2018) Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy (SAJP) Ethosomes: The Novel Drug Delivery Carriers. https://doi.org/10.21276/sajp.2018.7.6.9
Kim TH, Jo YG, Jiang HH et al (2012) PEG-transferrin conjugated TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) for therapeutic tumor targeting. J Control Release 162:422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.021
Kopermsub P, Mayen V, Warin C (2011) Potential use of niosomes for encapsulation of nisin and EDTA and their antibacterial activity enhancement. Food Res Int 44:605–612
Kumar GP, Rajeshwarrao P (2011) Nonionic surfactant vesicular systems for effective drug delivery—an overview. Acta Pharm Sin B 1:208–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2011.09.002
Li Y, Xu F, Li X et al (2020) Development of curcumin-loaded composite phospholipid ethosomes for enhanced skin permeability and vesicle stability. Int J Pharm:119936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119936
Lin T, Fang Q, Peng D et al (2013) PEGylated non-ionic surfactant vesicles as drug delivery systems for Gambogenic acid. Drug Deliv 20:277–284
Lin H, Lin L, Choi Y, Michniak-Kohn B (2020) Development and in-vitro evaluation of co-loaded berberine chloride and evodiamine ethosomes for treatment of melanoma. Int J Pharm 581:119278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119278
Liu T, Guo R (2007a) Investigation of PEG 6000/Tween 80/Span 80/H 2 O niosome microstructure. Colloid Polym Sci 285:711–713
Liu T, Guo R (2007b) Structure and transformation of the niosome prepared from PEG 6000/Tween 80/Span 80/H2O lamellar liquid crystal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 295:130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.08.041
Liu T, Guo R, Hua W, Qiu J (2007) Structure behaviors of hemoglobin in PEG 6000/Tween 80/Span 80/H2O niosome system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 293:255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.07.053
Lo CT, Jahn A, Locascio LE, Vreeland WN (2010) Controlled self-assembly of monodisperse niosomes by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing. Langmuir 26:8559–8566. https://doi.org/10.1021/la904616s
Luciani A, Olivier JC, Clement O et al (2004) Glucose-receptor mr imaging of tumors: study in mice with pegylated paramagnetic niosomes. Radiology 231:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2311021559
Ma H, Guo D, Fan Y et al (2018) Paeonol-loaded ethosomes as transdermal delivery carriers: design, preparation and evaluation. Molecules 23:1756
Madhav NVS, Saini A (2011) Niosomes: a novel drug delivery system. Int J Res Pharm Chem 1:498–511
Mahale NB, Thakkar PD, Mali RG et al (2012) Niosomes: novel sustained release nonionic stable vesicular systems –an overview. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 183–184:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2012.08.002
Mahmood S, Mandal UK, Chatterjee B (2018) Transdermal delivery of raloxifene HCl via ethosomal system: Formulation, advanced characterizations and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Int J Pharm 542:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.044
Malik T, Chauhan G, Rath G et al (2018) Efaverinz and nano-gold-loaded mannosylated niosomes: a host cell-targeted topical HIV-1 prophylaxis via thermogel system. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 46:79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2017.1414054
Mamelak AN, Jacoby DB (2007) Targeted delivery of antitumoral therapy to glioma and other malignancies with synthetic chlorotoxin (TM-601). Expert Opin Drug Deliv 4:175–186. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.4.2.175
Manconi M, Vila AO, Sinico C et al (2006) Theoretical and experimental evaluation of decypolyglucoside vesicles as potential drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 16:141–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50021-8
Manosroi A, Chutoprapat R, Abe M, Manosroi J (2008) Characteristics of niosomes prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) fluid. Int J Pharm 352:248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.10.013
Manosroi A, Khanrin P, Lohcharoenkal W et al (2010) Transdermal absorption enhancement through rat skin of gallidermin loaded in niosomes. Int J Pharm 392:304–310
Manosroi A, Chankhampan C, Manosroi W, Manosroi J (2013a) Transdermal absorption enhancement of papain loaded in elastic niosomes incorporated in gel for scar treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 48:474–483
Manosroi A, Chankhampan C, Ofoghi H et al (2013b) Low cytotoxic elastic niosomes loaded with salmon calcitonin on human skin fibroblasts. Hum Exp Toxicol 32:31–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327112454892
Manvi SR, Gupta VRM, Srikanth K, Devanna N (2012) Formulation and evaluation of candesartan niosomal suspension. Res J Pharm Technol 5:1570–1572
Marianecci C, Paolino D, Celia C et al (2010) Non-ionic surfactant vesicles in pulmonary glucocorticoid delivery: characterization and interaction with human lung fibroblasts. J Control Release 147:127–135
Marianecci C, Di Marzio L, Rinaldi F et al (2014) Niosomes from 80s to present: The state of the art. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 205:187–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.018
Masotti A (2013) Niosomes as candidate bioconjugates for imaging and pH-sensitive drug delivery nanocarriers for rare pediatric tumors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 23:22–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-2247(13)50003-7
Meng S, Chen Z, Yang L et al (2013) Enhanced transdermal bioavailability of testosterone propionate via surfactant-modified ethosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 8:3051–3060. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S46748
Moazeni E, Gilani K, Sotoudegan F et al (2010) Formulation and in vitro evaluation of ciprofloxacin containing niosomes for pulmonary delivery. J Microencapsul 27:618–627. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2010.506579
Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A (2014) Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. J Control Release 185:22–36
Moghassemi S, Parnian E, Hakamivala A et al (2015) Uptake and transport of insulin across intestinal membrane model using trimethyl chitosan coated insulin niosomes. Mater Sci Eng C 46:333–340
Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A, Omidfar K (2017) Formulation and characterization of bovine serum albumin-loaded niosome. Aaps Pharmscitech 18:27–33
Mostafavi M, Khazaeli P, Sharifi I et al (2019) A novel niosomal combination of selenium coupled with glucantime against leishmania tropica. Korean J Parasitol 57:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.1
Mozafari MR (2007) Nanomaterials and nanosystems for biomedical applications. Springer
Naderinezhad S, Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F (2017) Co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs using biocompatible pH-sensitive lipid-based nano-carriers for multidrug-resistant cancers. RSC Adv 7:30008. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01736g
Nasr M (2010) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of proniosomes containing celecoxib for oral administration. Aaps Pharmscitech 11:85–89
Nasseri B (2005) Effect of cholesterol and temperature on the elastic properties of niosomal membranes. Int J Pharm 300:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.009
Oh Y-K, Kim MY, Shin J-Y et al (2006) Skin permeation of retinol in Tween 20-based deformable liposomes: in-vitro evaluation in human skin and keratinocyte models. J Pharm Pharmacol 58:161–166. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.58.2.0002
Onochie ITO, Nwakile CD, Umeyor CE et al (2013) Formulation and evaluation of niosomes of benzyl penicillin. J Appl Pharm Sci 3:66
Oswald M, Geissler S, Goepferich A (2017) Targeting the Central Nervous System (CNS): a review of rabies virus-targeting strategies. Mol Pharm 14:2177–2196. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00158
G., Parthasarathi N., Udupa P., Umadevi G., Pillai (2008) (1994) Niosome Encapsulated of Vincristine Sulfate: Improved Anticancer Activity with Reduced Toxicity in Mice. Journal of Drug Targeting 2(2) 173-182 10.3109/10611869409015907
Palani S (2010) Niosomes in targeted drug delivery: some recent advances. Int J Pharm Sci Res 1:1–8
Paolino D, Muzzalupo R, Ricciardi A et al (2007) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Bola-surfactant containing niosomes for transdermal delivery. Biomed Microdevices 9:421–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-007-9046-6
Pardakhty A, Varshosaz J, Rouholamini A (2007) In vitro study of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether niosomes for delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 328:130–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.002
Patel KK, Kumar P, Thakkar HP (2012) Formulation of niosomal gel for enhanced transdermal lopinavir delivery and its comparative evaluation with ethosomal gel. AAPS PharmSciTech 13:1502–1510. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-012-9871-7
Peltonen L, Koistinen P, Karjalainen M et al (2002) The effect of cosolvents on the formulation of nanoparticles from low-molecular-weight poly (I) lactide. Aaps Pharmscitech 3:52
Radha GV, Rani TS, Sarvani B (2013) A review on proniosomal drug delivery system for targeted drug action. J Basic Clin Pharm 4:42–48. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.113609
Rajera R, Nagpal K, Singh SK, Mishra DN (2011) Niosomes: a controlled and novel drug delivery system. Biol Pharm Bull 34:945–953
Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M et al (2020) Nanocarriers for treatment of dermatological diseases: principle, perspective and practices. Eur J Pharmacol 173691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173691
Raymond CR, Paul JS, Siân CO (2006) Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients, 5th edn. Pharmaceutical Press, London
Rinaldi F, Hanieh PN, Chan LKN et al (2018) Chitosan glutamate-coated niosomes: a proposal for nose-to-brain delivery. Pharmaceutics 10:38
Rita, Muzzalupo Fiore Pasquale, Nicoletta Sonia, Trombino Roberta, Cassano Francesca, Iemma Nevio, Picci (2007) A new crown ether as vesicular carrier for 5-fluoruracil: Synthesis characterization and drug delivery evaluation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 58(2) 197-202 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.03.010
Rogerson A, Cummings J, Willmott N, Florence AT (1988) The distribution of doxorubicin in mice following administration in niosomes. J Pharm Pharmacol 40:337–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05263.x
Ruckmani K, Sankar V (2010) Formulation and optimization of zidovudine niosomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 11:1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-010-9480-2
Sahoo RK, Biswas N, Guha A, Kuotsu K (2014) Maltodextrin based proniosomes of nateglinide: bioavailability assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 69:430–434
Samoylenko VA (2016) The results of clinical testing of photodynamic therapy in the complex treatment of gingivitis, complicating orthodontic treatment with bracket systems. Medicni Perspekt (Medical Perspect 21). https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2016.2.72164
Sandeep G, Vasavi Reddy D, Devireddy SR (2014) Formulation and evaluation of fluconazole pro-niosomal gel for topical administration. J Appl Pharm Sci 4:98–104. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.40717
Shahiwala A, Misra A (2002) Studies in topical application of niosomally entrapped nimesulide. J Pharm Pharm Sci a Publ Can Soc Pharm Sci Soc Can des Sci Pharm 5:220–225
Sharma V, Anandhakumar S, Sasidharan M (2015) Self-degrading niosomes for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs: an efficient carrier for cancer multi-drug delivery. Mater Sci Eng C 56:393–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.049
Shilpa S, Srinivasan BP, Chauhan M (2011) Niosomes as vesicular carriers for delivery of proteins and biologicals. Int J Drug Deliv 3:14–24. https://doi.org/10.5138/ijdd.2010.0975.0215.03050
Shreedevi HM, Nesalin JAJ, Mani TT (2016) Development and evaluation of stavudine niosome by ether injection method. Int J Pharma Sci Res 7:38–46
Singh TG, Sharma N (2016) Nanobiomaterials in cosmetics: current status and future prospects. Elsevier Inc.
Singh A, Dally WJ, Gupta AK, Towles B (2004) Adaptive channel queue routing on K-Ary n-cubes. In: Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM symposium on parallelism in algorithms and architectures. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 11–19
Singh G, Dwivedi H, Saraf SK, Saraf SA (2011) Niosomal delivery of isoniazid-development and characterization. Trop J Pharm Res 10
Sorgi FL, Huang L (1996) Large scale production of DC-Chol cationic liposomes by microfluidization. Int J Pharm 144:131–139
Tavano L, Alfano P, Muzzalupo R, De Cindio B (2011) Niosomes vs microemulsions: new carriers for topical delivery of Capsaicin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 87:333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.041
Touitou E, Godin B (2007) Ethosomes for skin delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 17:303–308
Touitou E, Dayan N, Bergelson L et al (2000) Ethosomes – novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin penetration properties. J Control Release 65:403–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00222-9
Uchegbu IF, Florence AT (1995) Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): physical and pharmaceutical chemistry. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 58:1–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(95)00242-I
Uchegbu IF, Vyas SP (1998) Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 172:33–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00169-0
Uchegbu IF, Bouwstra JA, Florence AT (1992) Large disk-shaped structures (discomes) in nonionic surfactant vesicle to micelle transitions. J Phys Chem 96:10548–10553
Veerareddy PR, Bobbala SKR (2013) Enhanced oral bioavailability of isradipine via proniosomal systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 39:909–917
Verma S, Utreja P (2019) Vesicular nanocarrier based treatment of skin fungal infections: Potential and emerging trends in nanoscale pharmacotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 14:117–129
Verma S, Singh SK, Syan N et al (2010) Nanoparticle vesicular systems: a versatile tool for drug delivery. J Chem Pharm Res 2:496–509
Vyas SP, Singh RP, Jain S et al (2005) Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) for non-invasive topical genetic immunization against hepatitis B. Int J Pharm 296:80–86
Waddad AY, Abbad S, Yu F et al (2013) Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of Morin hydrate niosomes prepared from various non-ionic surfactants. Int J Pharm 456:446–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.040
Wilkhu JS, McNeil SE, Anderson DE, Perrie Y (2013) Characterization and optimization of bilosomes for oral vaccine delivery. J Drug Target 21:291–299. https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2012.747528
Yeo PL, Lim CL, Chye SM et al (2017) Niosomes: a review of their structure, properties, methods of preparation, and medical applications. Asian Biomed 11:301–313. https://doi.org/10.1515/abm-2018-0002
Yeo LK, Chaw CS, Elkordy AA (2019) The effects of hydration parameters and co-surfactants on methylene blue-loaded niosomes prepared by the thin film hydration method. Pharmaceuticals 12:46
Yoshida H, Lehr CM, Kok W et al (1992) Niosomes for oral delivery of peptide drugs. J Control Release 21:145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(92)90016-K
Zeng W, Li Q, Wan T et al (2016) Hyaluronic acid-coated niosomes facilitate tacrolimus ocular delivery: Mucoadhesion, precorneal retention, aqueous humor pharmacokinetics, and transcorneal permeability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 141:28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.014
Zoghroban HS, El-Kowrany SI, Aboul Asaad IA et al (2019) Niosomes for enhanced activity of praziquantel against schistosoma mansoni: in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Parasitol Res 118:219–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-6132-z
Acknowledgement
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2018R1A6A1A03025582). This work was supported by the Technology development Program (S2911350) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS, Korea)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alle, M., Samed, N., Kim, JC. (2021). Niosomes: A Smart Drug Carrier Synthesis, Properties and Applications. In: Kim, JC., Alle, M., Husen, A. (eds) Smart Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84262-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84262-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-84261-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-84262-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)