Abstract
Antibiotics are a class of chemical compounds, which are used since ages for combating microbial infections. Antibiotics can inhibit bacterial infection due to their ability to hinder and restrict the microorganism growth cycle. However, frequent exposure to such different types of antibiotics allows the causative microbes to inflict mutations, which may lead to their adaptation through enzyme inactivation, target protection, modification in cell wall protein leading to decreased cell permeability, modification in enzyme target site, rapid drug efflux, and biofilm formation. Thus, due to such blatant use of antibiotics in recent times, multiple drug resistance has become a global challenge. Nanotechnology being an emerging field with many possible applications in medicine can be opted as a viable tool for combating this issue. At present, different nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) in different sizes, shapes, and antimicrobial properties are been developed and evaluated. Through their investigations, AuNPs and AgNPs have shown tremendous potential in overcoming drug resistance and in inhibiting biofilm formation. Further, the possibility of microbes developing resistance against AuNPs and AgNPs is low. Hence, such Au- and Ag-based NPs can be considered as the major ray of hope for overcoming the multiple drug resistance (MDR). Thus, in this chapter we will glance across the recent advancements made using AuNPs and AgNPs for managing and curing the cases of MDR.
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Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The author Md. Meraj Ansari is thankful to DHR for Young Scientist Award under DHR Young Scientist Scheme (YSS/2019/000052/PRCYSS).
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Ansari, M.M. et al. (2022). Nanoparticles as a Future Alternative Against Multiple Drug Resistance. In: Akhtar, N., Singh, K.S., Prerna, Goyal, D. (eds) Emerging Modalities in Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84126-3_18
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