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Medicinal Plants Against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies

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Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a rhabdovirus, that is, an encapsulated negative-sense RNA virus. VSV could be spread from insects to mammals, attacking host cells and causing protein synthesis to stop and new virus particles to form. VSV is a virus that affects both wild ungulates and livestock. VSV causes permanent blisters on the tongue and other body parts, resulting in significant economic loss. New Jersey and Indiana serotypes of VSV are infectious in swine, equines, poultry, and bovines, causing symptoms similar to foot-and-mouth disease in cloven-hooved ruminants, such as lethargy, pyrexia, and anorexia. Mucosal vesicles and ulcers in the mouth are examples of oral illness, the most common clinical symptoms in humans. VSV that are infected can travel to the peripheral neurons and then infect the CNS, resulting in paralysis. Managing viral diseases has been challenging, and no widely licensed vaccines or treatments exist. The search for new antiviral agents to eradicate VSV is critical due to its public health and economic implications. Natural medicinal plants were used to fight infectious disorders and are suitable as a repository for discovering possible antivirus compounds. This chapter emphasizes medicinal plants and their constituents that possess activity against vesicular stomatitis virus. They are Allium sativum L., Melia azedarach L., Piper nigrum, Camellia sinensis (L.), Curcuma longa L., Eriosema montanum Baker f., Ipomoea bonariensis Hook, Calendula arvensis L., Boswellia serrata, Melaleuca alternifolia, Baccharis gaudichaudiana DC., Heisteria acuminata, Cunila spicata Benth., Nepeta nepetella, Dittrichia viscosa, Sanguisorba minor magnolii, and Eugenia malaccensis L.

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Abbreviations

AKBA:

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid

CC50:

50% cytotoxic concentration

CDM:

1-Cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin

Cir:

Cirsitakaoside

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

CPE:

Cytopathogenic effect

CS:

Calf serum

DADS:

Diallyl disulfide

DATS:

Diallyl trisulfide

DCCC:

Droplet counter-current chromatography

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EC:

Epicatechin

EGC:

Epigallocatechin 149

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

EPTT:

Endpoint titration method

GCG:

Gallocatechin-3-O-gallate

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HPTLC:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography

Hsp90:

Heat-shock protein 90

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IAV:

Influenza A virus

IC50:

Half-maximal inhibitory concentration

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

mCMV:

Murine cytomegalovirus

MNTD:

Maximal nontoxic dosage

MOI:

Multiplicity of infection

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PFU:

Plaque-forming units

PLP:

Pyridoxal phosphate

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

TTO:

Tea tree oil

VSV:

Vesicular stomatitis virus

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Chancellor, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, for their motivation and for providing all necessary facilities in the laboratories of the University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India

    Phool Chandra

  2. Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Kothi, Mandhana, Kanpur, UP, India

    Neetu Sachan

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP, India

    Rashmi Pathak

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

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  1. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

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Chandra, P., Sachan, N., Pathak, R., Pal, D. (2022). Medicinal Plants Against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies. In: Pal, D. (eds) Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83350-3_17-1

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