Abstract
The rapid process of population aging has brought economic, social, and psychological consequences to both central and peripheral countries. This topic has been discussed in light of the sustainability of pension payments, recent changes caused by reforms to social security systems, and the positive or negative consequences that retirement can entail both for organizations and for workers and retirees. Despite recent contributions, there is a scarcity of studies focusing on the instruments available to measure the decision-making process surrounding retirement, with regard to their theoretical robustness, their validation for different cultures, and their applicability to organizations and other contexts. This chapter will draw together and review the literature on instruments that measure the decision-making process surrounding retirement, highlighting those that focus on intentions, interests, attitudes, and decisions in retirement and predictors of this decision. An overview of the existing instruments will describe ten measurement instruments, classify predictors in dimensions, and compile a list of the items developed and used by the authors. We hope to offer professionals in the field methods for assessing workers as they approach retirement, providing measures that enrich their understanding of the circumstances faced by retirees in various contexts.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams, G. A., Prescher, J., Beehr, T. A., & Lepisto, L. (2002). Applying work-role attachment theory to retirement decision-making. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 54(2), 125–137.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Amorim, S. M., & França, L. H. (2019). Reasons for retirement and retirement satisfaction. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 35, e3558. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3558
Amorim, S. M., & França, L. H. D. F. P. (2020). Health, financial and social resources as mediators to the relationship between planning and satisfaction in retirement. Current Psychology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00836-8
Beehr, T. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2015). Working after retirement: Features of bridge employment and research directions. Work, Aging and Retirement, 1(1), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wau007
Brasil. (2019). Emenda Constitucional n° 103 de 12 de novembro de 2019. Altera o sistema de previdência social e estabelece regras de transição e disposições transitórias. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Emendas/Emc/emc103.htm
Chevalier, S., Fouquereau, E., Gillet, N., & Demulier, V. (2013). Development of the reasons for Entrepreneurs’ retirement decision inventory (RERDI) and preliminary evidence of its psychometric properties in a French sample. Journal of Career Assessment, 21(4), 572–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712475288
De Vos, A., & Segers, J. (2013). Self directed career attitude and retirement intentions. Career Development International, 18(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2012-0041
Dordoni, P., Van der Heijden, B., Peters, P., Kraus-Hoogeveen, S., & Argentero, P. (2017). Keep up the good work! Age-moderated mediation model on intention to retire. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01717
Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 7(4), 609–621. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609
Fouquereau, E., Fernández, A., & Mullet, E. (1999). The retirement satisfactory inventory: Factor structure in a French sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.15.1.49
França, L. H. (2004). Attitudes towards retirement: a cross-cultural study between New Zealand and Brazilian executives (PhD Thesis). Psychology Department, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1302.6401
França, L. H. F. P., & Vaughan, G. (2008). Ganhos e perdas: atitudes dos executivos brasileiros e neozelandeses frente à aposentadoria. Psicologia em Estudo, 13(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-73722008000200002
França, L., Menezes, G., Bendasolli, P., & Macêdo, L. (2013). Aposentar-se ou continuar trabalhando? O que influencia essa decisão? Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 33(3), 548–563. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-98932013000300004
Gaillard, M., & Desmette, D. (2008). Intergroup predictors of older workers’ attitudes towards work and early exit. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(4), 450–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320801908564
Gaillard, M., & Desmette, D. (2010). (In)validating stereotypes about older workers influences their intentions to retire early and to learn and develop. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(1), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530903435763
Hershey, D. A., van Dalen, H. P., Conen, W., & Henkens, K. (2017). Are “voluntary” self-employed better prepared for retirement than “forced” self-employed? Work, Aging and Retirement, 3(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wax008
Jex, S. M., & Grosch, J. (2012). Retirement decision making. In M. Wang (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of retirement (pp. 267–279). Oxford University Press.
Kalokerinos, E. K., von Hippel, C., & Henry, J. D. (2015). Job attitudes are differentially associated with bridge employment and phased retirement among older Australian employees. Work, Aging and Retirement, 1(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wau014
Kerr, G., & Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2011). The bridge to retirement: Older workers’ engagement in post-career entrepreneurship and wage-and-salary employment. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135571002000103
Lahlouh, K., Lacaze, D., & Huaman-Ramirez, R. (2019). Bridge employment and full retirement intentions: The role of person-environment fit. Personnel Review, 48(6), 1469–1490. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2018-0067
Macêdo, L. S. S., Bendassolli, P. F., Torres, T. D. L., & França, L. H. D. F. P. (2020). Adaptação e validação brasileira da Escala older workers’ intentions to continue working. Psico-USF, 25(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712020250111
Marx, K. (1980). O capital (crítica da economia política). In Livro 1: O processo de produção do capital (Vol 1., 5ª edição). Civilização Brasileira.
Menezes, G. S., & França, L. H. F. (2012). Preditores da decisão da aposentadoria em servidores públicos federais. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 12(3), 315–328.
Muñoz, J. J. F., Díaz, A. C., & la Hela, C. M. A. (2011). La transición hacia el retiro: Adaptación en una muestra de prejubilados espanoles de la escala Retirement Satisfaction Inventory. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 46(3), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2010.11.009
Peiró, J. M. (1985). Some perspectives of work and organizational psychology in Spain. Occupational Psychology Newsletter, 18, 27–47.
Pimenta, M. (2014). Autonomia financeira na aposentadoria. In S. G. Murta, C. Leandro-França, & J. Seidl (Eds.), Programas de educação para aposentadoria: Como planejar, implementar e avaliar (pp. 210–226). Sinopsys Editora.
Pissinati, P. S. C., Haddad, M. F., Dalmas, J. C., & Birolim, M. M. (2016). Fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados aos ganhos e perdas percebidos por trabalhadores de uma universidade pública frente à proximidade da aposentadoria. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 32(9), e00141415. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00141415
Prakash, K. C., Oakman, J., Nygård, C., Siukola, A., Lumme-Sandt, K., Nikander, P., & Neupane, S. (2019). Intention to retire in employees over 50 years. What is the role of work ability and work life satisfaction? International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 16, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142500
Rodrigues, A. R. C. S. (2016). Trabalhadores seniores: estudo dos fatores que favorecem a intenção de permanecer no mercado de trabalho (Dissertação de Mestrado). Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Recuperado de https://core.ac.uk/reader/83044181
Rodríguez, N. (2007). Actitudes hacia la jubilación. Interdisciplinaria, 24(1), 5–42. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=18024101
Seidl, J., Neiva, E. R., & Murta, S. G. (2020). Planning and reasons for retirement: Focus groups with Brazilian workers. Trends in Psychology, 29(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00063-5
Shacklock, K., & Brunetto, Y. (2011). A model of older workers’ intentions to continue working. Personnel Review, 40(2), 252–274. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111106110
Shultz, K. S., & Wang, M. (2011). Psychological perspectives on the changing nature of retirement. American Psychological Association, 66(3), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022411
Shultz, K. S., Morton, K., & Werckerle, J. R. (1998). The influence of push and pull factors on voluntary early retirees, retirement decision and adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53(1), 45–57.
Souza, A. P., & França, L. H. F. P. (2020). Construção e evidências de validade da escala de motivos para continuar trabalhando na aposentadoria. Ciências Psicológicas, 14(2), e2261. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i2.2256
Stuer, D., De Vos, A., Van der Heijden, B. I., & Akkermans, J. (2019). A sustainable career perspective of work ability: The importance of resources across the lifespan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142572
Topa, G., & Alcover, C. M. (2015). Psychosocial factors in retirement intentions and adjustment: A multi-sample study. Career Development International, 20(4), 384–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-09-2014-0129
van Dam, K., van der Vorst, J. D. M., & van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2009). Employees’ intentions to retire early: A case of planned behavior and anticipated work conditions. Journal of Career Development, 35(3), 265–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845308327274
Vogelsang, E. M., Shultz, K. S., & Oslon, D. A. (2018). Emotional well-being following a later life career change: The roles of agency and resources. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 87(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415017745972
Wang, M., & Shi, J. (2014). Psychological research on retirement. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115131
Yamamoto, O. H. (2015). Trabalho. In P. F. Bendassolli & J. E. Borges-Andrade (Eds.), Dicionário de Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações (pp. 641–647). Casa do Psicólogo.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amorim, S.M., Seidl, J., França, L.H.d.F.P. (2022). Measurement Scales About Retirement Decision-Making. In: Macambira, M.O., Mendonça, H., Paz, M.d.G.T. (eds) Assessing Organizational Behaviors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81311-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81311-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81310-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81311-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)