Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Blood-Based Cancer Screening/Early Cancer Detection

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Cancer and Immunology

  • 51 Accesses

Introduction

Late-stage cancer survival rates decrease dramatically because of the lack of effective therapeutic options compared to early-stage cancers (Chen et al. 2020; Prigerson et al. 2015). The average 5-year survival at the late stage is 26%; on the other hand, the average 5-year survival at the early stage is 91% (Siegel et al. 2018). Thus, screening and early tumor detection are essential for proper cancer management.

There are presently screening tests for limited cancer types, namely, colorectal (Pickhardt et al. 2011), cervical (Partridge et al. 2010), breast (Van den Biggelaar et al. 2008), lung (Beer 2020), and prostate (Brawer 2000). However, the efficacy and availability of such tests are questioned (Chen et al. 2020). Table 1 illustrates cancer screening recommendations in the USA, at present.

Table 1 American Cancer Society screening recommendations for early cancer detection (Smith et al. 2017)
Full size table

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K (2016) Clinical applications of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA as liquid biopsy. Cancer Discov 6(5):479–491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez-Chaver P, Chiara LD, Martínez-Zorzano VS (2018) Proteomic profiling for colorectal cancer biomarker discovery. Methods Mol Biol 1765:241–269

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society (2020) Cancer facts & figures 2020. [ebook] [cited 2022 Jan 11]. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2020/cancer-facts-and-figures-2020.pdf

  • Assessment of the implementation of an investigational multi-cancer early detection test into clinical practice – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet] ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2021 Jan 14] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04241796

  • Bailey VJ, Zhang Y, Keeley BP, Yin C, Pelosky KL, Brock M, Baylin SB, Herman JG, Wang TH (2010) Single-tube analysis of DNA methylation with silica superparamagnetic beads. Clin Chem 56(6):1022–1025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barault L, Amatu A, Bleeker FE, Moutinho C, Falcomata C, Fiano V, Cassingena A, Siravegna G, Milione M, Cassoni P, De Braud F. Digital PCR quantification of MGMT methylation refines prediction of clinical benefit from alkylating agents in glioblastoma and metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2015;26(9):1994-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barba De la Rosa AP, Lugo-Melchor OY, Briones-Cerecero EP, Chagolla-López A, León-Rodríguez D, Santos L, Vázquez-Ortíz G, Salcedo M (2008) Analysis of human serum from women affected by cervical lesions. J Exp Ther Oncol 7(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barceló F, Gomila R, De Paúl I, Gili X, Segura J, Pérez-Montaña A, Jimenez-Marco T, Sampol A, Portugal J (2018) MALDI-TOF analysis of blood serum proteome can predict the presence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. PLoS One 13(8):e0201793

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bast RC, Urban N, Shridhar V, Smith D, Zhang Z, Skates S, Lu K, Liu J, Fishman D, Mills G (2002) Early detection of ovarian cancer: promise and reality. Cancer Treat Res 107:61–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baylin SB, Jones PA (2011) A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome – biological and translational implications. Nat Rev Cancer 11(10):726–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Beaver JA, Jelovac D, Balukrishna S, Cochran RL, Croessmann S, Zabransky DJ, Wong HY, Toro PV, Cidado J, Blair BG, Chu D (2014) Detection of cancer DNA in plasma of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 20(10):2643–2650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Beck S, Rakyan VK (2008) The methylome: approaches for global DNA methylation profiling. Trends Genet 24(5):231–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beer TM (2020) Novel blood-based early cancer detection: diagnostics in development. Am J Manag Care 26(14 Suppl):S292–S299

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bettegowda C, Sausen M, Leary RJ, Kinde I, Wang Y, Agrawal N, Bartlett BR, Wang H, Luber B, Alani RM, Antonarakis ES (2014) Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early-and late-stage human malignancies. Sci Transl Med 6(224):224ra24

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhardwaj M, Gies A, Weigl K, Tikk K, Benner A, Schrotz-King P, Borchers CH, Brenner H (2019) Evaluation and validation of plasma proteins using two different protein detection methods for early detection of colorectal cancer. Cancers 11(10):1426

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhardwaj M, Weigl K, Tikk K, Holland-Letz T, Schrotz-King P, Borchers CH, Brenner H (2020) Multiplex quantitation of 270 plasma protein markers to identify a signature for early detection of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 127:30–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhawal R, Oberg AL, Zhang S, Kohli M (2020) Challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of blood-based proteomics in cancer. Cancers 12(9):2428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bonotti A, Foddis R, Landi S, Melaiu O, De Santi C, Giusti L, Donadio E, Ciregia F, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Bovenzi M (2017) A novel panel of serum biomarkers for MPM diagnosis. Dis Markers 2017

    Google Scholar 

  • Brawer MK (2000) Prostate-specific antigen. Semin Surg Oncol 18(1):3–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs MT, Condina MR, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Arentz G, Everest-Dass AV, Kaur G, Oehler MK, Packer NH, Hoffmann P (2019) Translating N-glycan analytical applications into clinical strategies for ovarian cancer. PROTEOMICS Clin Appl 13(3):1800099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brill JV (2020) Screening for cancer: the economic, medical, and psychosocial issues. Am J Manag Care 26(14 Suppl):S300–S306

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler TM, Spellman PT, Gray J (2017) Circulating-tumor DNA as an early detection and diagnostic tool. Curr Opin Genet Dev 42:14–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buttigliero C, Shepherd FA, Barlesi F, Schwartz B, Orlov S, Favaretto AG, Santoro A, Hirsh V, Ramlau R, Blackler AR, Roder J (2019) Retrospective assessment of a serum proteomic test in a phase III study comparing Erlotinib plus Placebo with Erlotinib plus Tivantinib (MARQUEE) in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist 24(6):e251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caby MP, Lankar D, Vincendeau-Scherrer C, Raposo G, Bonnerot C (2005) Exosomal-like vesicles are present in human blood plasma. Int Immunol 17(7):879–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang WH, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA (2021) Extracellular vesicles and their roles in cancer progression. Methods Mol Biol 2174:143–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Gole J, Gore A, He Q, Lu M, Min J, Yuan Z, Yang X, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Suo C (2020) Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test. Nat Commun 11(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng Y, Liu C, Zhang N, Wang S, Zhang Z (2014) Proteomics analysis for finding serum markers of ovarian cancer. Biomed Res Int 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Church TR, Wandell M, Lofton-Day C, Mongin SJ, Burger M, Payne SR, Castaños-Vélez E, Blumenstein BA, Rösch T, Osborn N, Snover D (2014) Prospective evaluation of methylated SEPT9 in plasma for detection of asymptomatic colorectal cancer. Gut 63(2):317–325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, Thoburn C, Afsari B, Danilova L, Douville C, Javed AA, Wong F, Mattox A, Hruban RH (2018) Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science 359(6378):926–930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley E, Di Nicolantonio F, Loupakis F, Bardelli A (2013) Liquid biopsy: monitoring cancer-genetics in the blood. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10(8):472–484

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derks S, Lentjes MH, Hellebrekers DM, De Bruïne AP, Herman JG, Van Engeland M (2004) Methylation-specific PCR unraveled. Anal Cell Pathol 26(5, 6):291–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Detecting cancers earlier through elective plasma-based cancerseek testing – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2021 Feb 16] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04213326

  • Di Gioia D, Dresse M, Mayr D, Nagel D, Heinemann V, Stieber P (2015) Serum HER2 in combination with CA 15-3 as a parameter for prognosis in patients with early breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 440:16–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Meo A, Bartlett J, Cheng Y, Pasic MD, Yousef GM (2017) Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies. Mol Cancer 16(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl F, Schmidt K, Choti MA, Romans K, Goodman S, Li M, Thornton K, Agrawal N, Sokoll L, Szabo SA, Kinzler KW (2008) Circulating mutant DNA to assess tumor dynamics. Nat Med 14(9):985–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dor Y, Cedar H (2018) Principles of DNA methylation and their implications for biology and medicine. The Lancet 392(10149):777–786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • dos Anjos Pultz B, da Luz FA, de Faria PR, Oliveira AP, de Araujo RA, Silva MJ (2014) Far beyond the usual biomarkers in breast cancer: a review. J Cancer 5(7):559

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle LM, Wang MZ (2019) Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis. Cells 8(7):727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Duan B, Hu X, Fan M, Xiong X, Han L, Wang Z, Tong D, Liu L, Wang X, Li W, Yang J (2019) RNA-binding motif protein 6 is a candidate serum biomarker for pancreatic cancer. PROTEOMICS Clin Appl 13(5):1900048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dytfeld D, Luczak M, Wrobel T, Usnarska-Zubkiewicz L, Brzezniakiewicz K, Jamroziak K, Giannopoulos K, Przybylowicz-Chalecka A, Ratajczak B, Czerwinska-Rybak J, Nowicki A (2016) Comparative proteomic profiling of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma reveals biomarkers involved in resistance to bortezomib-based therapy. Oncotarget 7(35):56726

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elewaily MI, Elsergany AR (2021) Emerging role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in cancer: pathophysiology and clinical potential. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 29:1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Elzek MA, Rodland KD (2015) Proteomics of ovarian cancer: functional insights and clinical applications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 34(1):83–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • FDA (2016) Premarket approval (PMA) [Internet]. accessdata.fda.gov. [cited 2022 Jan 11]. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P130001

  • Ferreira MM, Ramani VC, Jeffrey SS (2016) Circulating tumor cell technologies. Mol Oncol 10(3):374–394

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischhacker M, Schmidt B (2007) Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) and cancer – a survey. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1775(1):181–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frommer M, McDonald LE, Millar DS, Collis CM, Watt F, Grigg GW, Molloy PL, Paul CL (1992) A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89(5):1827–1831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fu H, Yang H, Zhang X, Wang B, Mao J, Li X, Wang M, Zhang B, Sun Z, Qian H, Xu W (2018) Exosomal TRIM3 is a novel marker and therapy target for gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 37(1):1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giacona MB, Ruben GC, Iczkowski KA, Roos TB, Porter DM, Sorenson GD (1998) Cell-free DNA in human blood plasma: length measurements in patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls. Pancreas 17(1):89–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giussani M, Landoni E, Merlino G, Turdo F, Veneroni S, Paolini B, Cappelletti V, Miceli R, Orlandi R, Triulzi T, Tagliabue E (2018) Extracellular matrix proteins as diagnostic markers of breast carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 233(8):6280–6290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldie BJ, Dun MD, Lin M, Smith ND, Verrills NM, Dayas CV, Cairns MJ (2014) Activity-associated miRNA are packaged in Map1b-enriched exosomes released from depolarized neurons. Nucleic Acids Res 42(14):9195–9208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gurung S, Perocheau D, Touramanidou L, Baruteau J (2021) The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling. Cell Commun Signal 19(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144(5):646–674

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harding C, Heuser J, Stahl P (1983) Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin and recycling of the transferrin receptor in rat reticulocytes. J Cell Biol 97(2):329–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harlan R, Zhang H (2014) Targeted proteomics: a bridge between discovery and validation. Expert Rev Proteomics 11(6):657–661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harris E, Lonardi S (2016) Bisulfite-conversion-based methods for DNA methylation sequencing data analysis. In: Mandoiu I, Zelikovsky A (eds) Computational methods for next generation sequencing data analysis, vol 3. Wiley, New York, pp 227–243

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harshman SW, Canella A, Ciarlariello PD, Agarwal K, Branson OE, Rocci A, Cordero H, Phelps MA, Hade EM, Dubovsky JA, Palumbo A (2016) Proteomic characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles identifies novel serum myeloma associated markers. J Proteomics 136:89–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • He M, Crow J, Roth M, Zeng Y, Godwin AK (2014) Integrated immunoisolation and protein analysis of circulating exosomes using microfluidic technology. Lab Chip 14(19):3773–3780

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Heitzer E, Haque IS, Roberts CE, Speicher MR (2019) Current and future perspectives of liquid biopsies in genomics-driven oncology. Nat Rev Genet 20(2):71–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henne WM, Stenmark H, Emr SD (2013) Molecular mechanisms of the membrane sculpting ESCRT pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5(9):a016766

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Herman JG, Graff JR, Myöhänen SB, Nelkin BD, Baylin SB (1996) Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93(18):9821–9826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hessvik NP, Phuyal S, Brech A, Sandvig K, Llorente A (2012) Profiling of microRNAs in exosomes released from PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 1819(11–12):1154–1163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu S, Loo JA, Wong DT (2006) Human body fluid proteome analysis. Proteomics 6(23):6326–6353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Rao SS, Wang ZX, Cao J, Tan YJ, Luo J, Li HM, Zhang WS, Chen CY, Xie H (2018) Exosomes from human umbilical cord blood accelerate cutaneous wound healing through miR-21-3p-mediated promotion of angiogenesis and fibroblast function. Theranostics 8(1):169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hursting SD, Berger NA (2010) Energy balance, host-related factors, and cancer progression. J Clin Oncol 28(26):4058

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hüttenhain R, Choi M, de la Fuente LM, Oehl K, Chang CY, Zimmermann AK, Malander S, Olsson H, Surinova S, Clough T, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V (2019) A targeted mass spectrometry strategy for developing proteomic biomarkers: a case study of epithelial ovarian cancer* [S]. Mol Cell Probes 18(9):1836–1850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs IJ, Menon U (2004) Progress and challenges in screening for early detection of ovarian cancer. Mol Cell Probes 3(4):355–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jahr S, Hentze H, Englisch S, Hardt D, Fackelmayer FO, Hesch RD, Knippers R (2001) DNA fragments in the blood plasma of cancer patients: quantitations and evidence for their origin from apoptotic and necrotic cells. Cancer Res 61(4):1659–1665

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson C, Elliott V, Menon U, Apostolidou S, Fourkala OE, Gentry-Maharaj A, Pereira SP, Jacobs I, Cox TF, Greenhalf W, Timms JF (2015) Evaluation in pre-diagnosis samples discounts ICAM-1 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. J Proteomics 113:400–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen DK, Fenix AM, Franklin JL, Higginbotham JN, Zhang Q, Zimmerman LJ, Liebler DC, Ping J, Liu Q, Evans R, Fissell WH (2019) Reassessment of exosome composition. Cell 177(2):428–445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jia S, Zhang R, Li Z, Li J (2017) Clinical and biological significance of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes as biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 8(33):55632

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jones CE, Maben J, Jack RH, Davies EA, Forbes LJ, Lucas G, Ream E (2014) A systematic review of barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women. BMJ Open 4(2):e004076

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Joosse SA, Pantel K (2013) Biologic challenges in the detection of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Res 73(1):8–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahlert C, Kalluri R (2013) Exosomes in tumor microenvironment influence cancer progression and metastasis. Int J Mol Med 91(4):431–437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SM, Sung HJ, Ahn JM, Park JY, Lee SY, Park CS, Cho JY (2011) The Haptoglobin β chain as a supportive biomarker for human lung cancers. Mol BioSyst 7(4):1167–1175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanwal R, Gupta K, Gupta S (2015) Cancer epigenetics: an introduction. Methods Mol Biol 1238:3–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanwar SS, Dunlay CJ, Simeone DM, Nagrath S (2014) Microfluidic device (ExoChip) for on-chip isolation, quantification and characterization of circulating exosomes. Lab Chip 14(11):1891–1900

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kao SC, Kirschner MB, Cooper WA, Tran T, Burgers S, Wright C, Korse T, Van Den Broek D, Edelman J, Vallely M, McCaughan B (2016) A proteomics-based approach identifies secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine as a prognostic biomarker in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 114(5):524–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kazarian A, Blyuss O, Metodieva G, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ryan A, Kiseleva EM, Prytomanova OM, Jacobs IJ, Widschwendter M, Menon U, Timms JF (2017) Testing breast cancer serum biomarkers for early detection and prognosis in pre-diagnosis samples. Br J Cancer 116(4):501–508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil FK, Altiok S (2015) Advances in EGFR as a predictive marker in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Control 22(2):193–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khier S, Lohan L (2018) Kinetics of circulating cell-free DNA for biomedical applications: critical appraisal of the literature. Future Sci OA 4(4):FSO295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YJ, Gallien S, El-Khoury V, Goswami P, Sertamo K, Schlesser M, Berchem G, Domon B (2015) Quantification of SAA1 and SAA2 in lung cancer plasma using the isotype-specific PRM assays. Proteomics 15(18):3116–3125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koga K, Matsumoto K, Akiyoshi T, Kubo M, Yamanaka N, Tasaki A, Nakashima H, Nakamura M, Kuroki S, Tanaka M, Katano M (2005) Purification, characterization and biological significance of tumor-derived exosomes. Anticancer Res 25(6A):3703–3707

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli M, Tindall DJ (2010) New developments in the medical management of prostate cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 85(1):77–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli M, Oberg AL, Mahoney DW, Riska SM, Sherwood R, Zhang Y, Zenka RM, Sahasrabudhe D, Qin R, Zhang S (2019) Serum Proteomics on the basis of discovery of predictive biomarkers of response to androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 17(4):248–253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka N, Iguchi H, Hagiwara K, Yoshioka Y, Takeshita F, Ochiya T (2013) Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2)-dependent exosomal transfer of angiogenic microRNAs regulate cancer cell metastasis. J Biol Chem 288(15):10849–10859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kosanam H, Prassas I, Chrystoja CC, Soleas I, Chan A, Dimitromanolakis A, Blasutig IM, Rückert F, Gruetzmann R, Pilarsky C, Maekawa M (2013) Laminin, gamma 2 (LAMC2): a promising new putative pancreatic cancer biomarker identified by proteomic analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Mol Cell Probes 12(10):2820–2832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger KE (2006) The potential of serum proteomics for detection of cancer: promise or only hope? Onkologie 29(11):498–499

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laird PW (2003) The power and the promise of DNA methylation markers. Nat Rev Cancer 3(4):253–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lam KW, Lo SC (2008) Discovery of diagnostic serum biomarkers of gastric cancer using proteomics. PROTEOMICS Clin Appl 2(2):219–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin SE, Johnston HE, Jackson TR, Jamieson DG, Roumeliotis TI, Mockridge CI, Michael A, Manousopoulou A, Papachristou EK, Brown MD, Clarke NW (2016) Detection of candidate biomarkers of prostate cancer progression in serum: a depletion-free 3D LC/MS quantitative proteomics pilot study. Br J Cancer 115(9):1078–1086

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CS, Taib NA, Ashrafzadeh A, Fadzli F, Harun F, Rahmat K, Hoong SM, Abdul-Rahman PS, Hashim OH (2016) Unmasking heavily O-glycosylated serum proteins using perchloric acid: identification of serum proteoglycan 4 and protease C1 inhibitor as molecular indicators for screening of breast cancer. PloS one 11(2):e0149551

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann-Werman R, Neiman D, Zemmour H, Moss J, Magenheim J, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Rubertsson S, Nellgård B, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Spalding K (2016) Identification of tissue-specific cell death using methylation patterns of circulating DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(13):E1826–E1834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lennon AM, Buchanan AH, Kinde I, Warren A, Honushefsky A, Cohain AT, Ledbetter DH, Sanfilippo F, Sheridan K, Rosica D, Adonizio CS (2020) Feasibility of blood testing combined with PET-CT to screen for cancer and guide intervention. Science 369(6499)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang W, Zhao Y, Huang W, Gao Y, Xu W, Tao J, Yang M, Li L, Ping W, Shen H, Fu X (2019) Non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer using high-throughput targeted DNA methylation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Theranostics 9(7):2056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lin D, Alborn WE, Slebos RJ, Liebler DC (2013) Comparison of protein immunoprecipitation-multiple reaction monitoring with ELISA for assay of biomarker candidates in plasma. J Proteome Res 12(12):5996–6003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Wei F, Wang F, Li C, Meng G, Duan H, Ma Q, Zhang W (2015) Serum peptidome profiling analysis for the identification of potential biomarkers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 465(3):476–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CH, Kuo SW, Hsu LM, Huang SC, Wang CH, Tsai PR, Chen YS, Jou TS, Ko WJ (2016) Peroxiredoxin 1 induces inflammatory cytokine response and predicts outcome of cardiogenic shock patients necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational cohort study and translational approach. J Transl Med 14(1):1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu MC, Oxnard GR, Klein EA, Swanton CS, Seiden MV, Liu MC, Oxnard GR, Klein EA, Smith D, Richards D, Yeatman TJ (2020a) Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA. Ann Oncol 31(6):745–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu P, Kong L, Liang K, Wu Y, Jin H, Song B, Tan X (2020b) Identification of dissociation factors in pancreatic Cancer using a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. BMC Cancer 20(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo YD, Chan KA, Sun H, Chen EZ, Jiang P, Lun FM, Zheng YW, Leung TY, Lau TK, Cantor CR, Chiu RW (2010) Maternal plasma DNA sequencing reveals the genome-wide genetic and mutational profile of the fetus. Sci Transl Med 2(61):61ra91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loei H, Tan HT, Lim TK, Lim KH, So JB, Yeoh KG, Chung MC (2012) Mining the gastric cancer secretome: identification of GRN as a potential diagnostic marker for early gastric cancer. J Proteome Res 11(3):1759–1772

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludvigsen M, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, d’Amore F, Honoré B (2015) Proteomic approaches to the study of malignant lymphoma: analyses on patient samples. PROTEOMICS Clin Appl 9(1–2):72–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luga V, Zhang L, Viloria-Petit AM, Ogunjimi AA, Inanlou MR, Chiu E, Buchanan M, Hosein AN, Basik M, Wrana JL (2012) Exosomes mediate stromal mobilization of autocrine Wnt-PCP signaling in breast cancer cell migration. Cell 151(7):1542–1556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luo H, Zhao Q, Wei W, Zheng L, Yi S, Li G, Wang W, Sheng H, Pu H, Mo H, Zuo Z (2020) Circulating tumor DNA methylation profiles enable early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and screening for colorectal cancer. Sci Transl Med 12(524)

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo H, Wei W, Ye Z, Zheng J, Xu RH (2021) Liquid biopsy of methylation biomarkers in cell-free DNA. Trends Mol Med 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch HT, Snyder CL, Shaw TG, Heinen CD, Hitchins MP (2015) Milestones of Lynch syndrome: 1895–2015. Nat Rev Cancer 15(3):181–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mäbert K, Cojoc M, Peitzsch C, Kurth I, Souchelnytskyi S, Dubrovska A (2014) Cancer biomarker discovery: current status and future perspectives. Int J Radiat Biol 90(8):659–677

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majidzadeh-a K, Gharechahi J (2013) Plasma proteomics analysis of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Med Oncol 30(4):753

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marrugo-Ramírez J, Mir M, Samitier J (2018) Blood-based cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsy: a promising non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 19(10):2877

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mathivanan S, Ji H, Simpson RJ (2010) Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication. J Proteomics 73(10):1907–1920

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAndrews KM, Kalluri R (2019) Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer. Mol Cancer 18(1):1–1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald DM, Baluk P (2002) Significance of blood vessel leakiness in cancer. Cancer Res:5381–5385

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina R, Augé JM, Escudero JM, Filella X, Zanon G, Pahisa J, Farrus B, Muñoz M, Velasco M (2010) Evaluation of tumor markers (HER-2/neu oncoprotein, CEA, and CA 15.3) in patients with locoregional breast cancer: prognostic value. Tumour Biol 31(3):171–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moran S, Martínez-Cardús A, Sayols S, Musulén E, Balañá C, Estival-Gonzalez A, Moutinho C, Heyn H, Diaz-Lagares A, de Moura MC, Stella GM (2016) Epigenetic profiling to classify cancer of unknown primary: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 17(10):1386–1395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neal RD, Din NU, Hamilton W, Ukoumunne OC, Carter B, Stapley S, Rubin G (2014) Comparison of cancer diagnostic intervals before and after implementation of NICE guidelines: analysis of data from the UK General Practice Research Database. Br J Cancer 110(3):584–592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nian J, Sun X, Ming S, Yan C, Ma Y, Feng Y, Yang L, Yu M, Zhang G, Wang X (2017) Diagnostic accuracy of methylated SEPT9 for blood-based colorectal cancer detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 8(1):e216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien K, Breyne K, Ughetto S, Laurent LC, Breakefield XO (2020) RNA delivery by extracellular vesicles in mammalian cells and its applications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21(10):585–606

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Olivier M, Asmis R, Hawkins GA, Howard TD, Cox LA (2019) The need for multi-omics biomarker signatures in precision medicine. Int J Mol Sci 20(19):4781

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pan BT, Johnstone RM (1983) Fate of the transferrin receptor during maturation of sheep reticulocytes in vitro: selective externalization of the receptor. Cell 33(3):967–978

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Lee E, Park KJ, Park HD, Kim JW, Woo HI, Lee KH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Park JO, Park YS (2017) Large-scale clinical validation of biomarkers for pancreatic cancer using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. Oncotarget 8(26):42761

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Partridge EE, Abu-Rustum NR, Campos SM, Fahey PJ, Farmer M, Garcia RL, Giuliano A, Jones HW, Lele SM, Lieberman RW, Massad SL (2010) Cervical cancer screening. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 8(12):1358–1386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PDQ Screening, PE Board (2002) Cancer Prevention Overview (PDQ®): health professional version. PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]

    Google Scholar 

  • Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, García-Santos G, Ghajar CM, Nitadori-Hoshino A (2012) Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med 18(6):883–891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petit J, Carroll G, Gould T, Pockney P, Dun M, Scott RJ (2019) Cell-free DNA as a diagnostic blood-based biomarker for colorectal cancer: a systematic review. J Surg Res 236:184–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pickhardt PJ, Hassan C, Halligan S, Marmo R (2011) Colorectal cancer: CT colonography and colonoscopy for detection—systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology 259(2):393–405

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piersma SR, Fiedler U, Span S, Lingnau A, Pham TV, Hoffmann S, Kubbutat MH, Jiménez CR (2010) Workflow comparison for label-free, quantitative secretome proteomics for cancer biomarker discovery: method evaluation, differential analysis, and verification in serum. J Proteome Res 9(4):1913–1922

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prevention of colorectal cancer through Multiomics Blood Testing – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2021 Aug 5] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04369053

  • Prigerson HG, Bao Y, Shah MA, Paulk ME, LeBlanc TW, Schneider BJ, Garrido MM, Reid MC, Berlin DA, Adelson KB, Neugut AI (2015) Chemotherapy use, performance status, and quality of life at the end of life. JAMA Oncol 1(6):778–784

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pulliero A, Pergoli L, la Maestra S, Micale RT, Camoirano A, Bollati V, Izzotti A, de Flora S (2019) Extracellular vesicles in biological fluids. A biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke and treatment with chemopreventive drugs. J Prev Med Hyg 60(4):E327

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Putcha G, Liu TY, Ariazi E, Bertin M, Drake A, Dzamba M, Hogan G, Kothen-Hill S, Liao J, Li K, Mahajan S (2020) Blood-based detection of early-stage colorectal cancer using multiomics and machine learning. J Clin Oncol:66–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Putcha G, Gregg J, Xu C, Shaukat A, Levin TR. A study to validate a multiomics test for CRC screening [Internet]. Freenome. [release date 2021 Oct 4] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://www.freenome.com/design-and-implementation-of-a-clinical-study

  • Qiu F, Chen F, Liu D, Xu J, He J, Xiao J, Cao L, Huang X (2019) LC-MS/MS-based screening of new protein biomarkers for cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 39(1):13–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin-Court A, Rodrigues MR, Zhang XM, Perry RJ (2019) Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. PloS one 14(6):e0218126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rai AJ, Chan DW (2004) Cancer proteomics: serum diagnostics for tumor marker discovery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1022(1):286–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson EG, Baxter G (2011) Tumour seeding following percutaneous needle biopsy: the real story! Clin Radiol 66(11):1007–1014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell MR, Walker MJ, Williamson AJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ryan A, Kalsi J, Skates S, D’Amato A, Dive C, Pernemalm M, Humphryes PC, Protein Z (2016) A putative novel biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 138(12):2984–2992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sahebi R, Langari H, Fathinezhad Z, Bahari Sani Z, Avan A, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Rezayi M (2020) Exosomes: new insights into cancer mechanisms. J Cell Biochem 121(1):7–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki M, Anast J, Bassett W, Kawakami T, Sakuragi N, Dahiya R (2003) Bisulfite conversion-specific and methylation-specific PCR: a sensitive technique for accurate evaluation of CpG methylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309(2):305–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Q, Polom K, Williams C, de Oliveira FM, Guergova-Kuras M, Lisacek F, Karlsson NG, Roviello F, Kamali-Moghaddam M (2019) A targeted proteomics approach reveals a serum protein signature as diagnostic biomarker for resectable gastric cancer. EBioMedicine 44:322–333

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shen J, Zhai J, Wu X, Xie G, Shen L (2020) Serum proteome profiling reveals SOX3 as a candidate prognostic marker for gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 24(12):6750–6761

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shi L, Gehin T, Chevolot Y, Souteyrand E, Mangé A, Solassol J, Laurenceau E (2016) Anti-heat shock protein autoantibody profiling in breast cancer using customized protein microarray. Anal Bioanal Chem 408(5):1497–1506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shtivelman E (2020) Testing for tumor mutations: liquid biopsy versus traditional biopsy [Internet]. Cancer Commons. [cited 2022 Jan 11]. Available at: https://cancercommons.org/latest-insights/testing-for-tumor-mutations-liquid-biopsy-versus-solid-tumor-biopsy/

  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2018;68(1):7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith ZD, Meissner A (2013) DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet 14(3):204–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D, Brawley OW, Wender RC (2017) Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 67(2):100–121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D, Brawley OW, Wender RC (2018) Cancer screening in the United States, 2018: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 68(4):297–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solé X, Crous-Bou M, Cordero D, Olivares D, Guinó E, Sanz-Pamplona R, Rodriguez-Moranta F, Sanjuan X, de Oca J, Salazar R, Moreno V (2014) Discovery and validation of new potential biomarkers for early detection of colon cancer. PLoS One 9(9):e106748

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava S, Srivastava RG (2005) Proteomics in the forefront of cancer biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 4(4):1098–1103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh EJ, Kabir MH, Kang UB, Lee JW, Yu J, Noh DY, Lee C (2012) Comparative profiling of plasma proteome from breast cancer patients reveals thrombospondin-1 and BRWD3 as serological biomarkers. Exp Mol Med 44(1):36–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun C, Song C, Ma Z, Xu K, Zhang Y, Jin H, Tong S, Ding W, Xia G, Ding Q (2011) Periostin identified as a potential biomarker of prostate cancer by iTRAQ-proteomics analysis of prostate biopsy. Proteome Sci 9(1):1–1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun K, Jiang P, Chan KA, Wong J, Cheng YK, Liang RH, Chan WK, Ma ES, Chan SL, Cheng SH, Chan RW (2015) Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, cancer, and transplantation assessments. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(40):E5503–E5512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sung H, Siegel RL, Rosenberg PS, Jemal A (2019) Emerging cancer trends among young adults in the USA: analysis of a population-based cancer registry. Lancet Public Heal 4(3):e137–e147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taieb J, Taly V, Vernerey D, Bourreau C, Bennouna J, Faroux R, Desramé J, Bouché O, Borg C, Egreteau J, Mineur L (2019) Analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) from patients enrolled in the IDEA-FRANCE phase III trial: prognostic and predictive value for adjuvant treatment duration. Ann Oncol 30:v867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H, Kagara N, Tanei T, Naoi Y, Shimoda M, Shimomura A, Shimazu K, Kim SJ, Noguchi S (2017) Correlation of methylated circulating tumor DNA with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Clin Breast Cancer 17(1):61–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takakura M, Yokomizo A, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi M, Jung G, Banno M, Sakuma T, Imada K, Oda Y, Kamita M, Honda K (2012) Carbonic anhydrase I as a new plasma biomarker for prostate cancer. ISRN Oncol 2012:768190

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tang HY, Beer LA, Tanyi JL, Zhang R, Liu Q, Speicher DW (2013) Protein isoform-specific validation defines multiple chloride intracellular channel and tropomyosin isoforms as serological biomarkers of ovarian cancer. J Proteomics 89:165–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tauro BJ, Greening DW, Mathias RA, Ji H, Mathivanan S, Scott AM, Simpson RJ (2012) Comparison of ultracentrifugation, density gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods for isolating human colon cancer cell line LIM1863-derived exosomes. Methods 56(2):293–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor WC (2020) Comment on ‘Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA’by MC Liu et al. Ann Oncol 31:1266–1267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor DD, Zacharias W, Gercel-Taylor C (2011) Exosome isolation for proteomic analyses and RNA profiling. In: Simpson R, Greening D (eds) Serum/plasma proteomics. Humana Press, New York, pp 235–246

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • The circulating cell-free genome atlas study – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2021 Jul 12] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02889978

  • The Strive Study: Development of a blood test for early detection of multiple cancer types – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2020 Jul 31] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03085888

  • The summit study: A cancer screening study – U.S. National Library of Medicine [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov. [last update 2021 May 19] [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03934866

  • Thierry AR, El Messaoudi S, Gahan PB, Anker P, Stroun M (2016) Origins, structures, and functions of circulating DNA in oncology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 35(3):347–376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tsaur I, Thurn K, Juengel E, Gust KM, Borgmann H, Mager R, Bartsch G, Oppermann E, Ackermann H, Nelson K, Haferkamp A (2015) sE-cadherin serves as a diagnostic and predictive parameter in prostate cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 34(1):1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng CW, Yang JC, Chen CN, Huang HC, Chuang KN, Lin CC, Lai HS, Lee PH, Chang KJ, Juan HF (2011) Identification of 14-3-3β in human gastric cancer cells and its potency as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Proteomics 11(12):2423–2439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaidyanathan R, Naghibosadat M, Rauf S, Korbie D, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJ, Trau M (2014) Detecting exosomes specifically: a multiplexed device based on alternating current electrohydrodynamic induced nanoshearing. Anal Chem 86(22):11125–11132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Biggelaar FJ, Nelemans PJ, Flobbe K (2008) Performance of radiographers in mammogram interpretation: a systematic review. Breast 17(1):85–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Pol Y, Mouliere F (2019) Toward the early detection of cancer by decoding the epigenetic and environmental fingerprints of cell-free DNA. Cancer Cell 36(4):350–368

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Niel G, d’Angelo G, Raposo G (2018) Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19(4):213–228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vase MØ, Ludvigsen M, Bendix K, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Pedersen G, Obel N, Larsen CS, d’Amore F, Honoré B (2016) Proteomic profiling of pretreatment serum from HIV-infected patients identifies candidate markers predictive of lymphoma development. Aids 30(12):1889–1898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vlassov AV, Magdaleno S, Setterquist R, Conrad R (2012) Exosomes: current knowledge of their composition, biological functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1820(7):940–948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voichitoiu AD, Radu BM, Pavelescu L, Cretoiu D, Deftu AT, Suciu N, Cretoiu SM (2019) Extracellular vesicles in cancer. In: De Bona AG, Calderon JAR (eds) Extracellular vesicles and their importance in human health. IntechOpen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan JC, Massie C, Garcia-Corbacho J, Mouliere F, Brenton JD, Caldas C, Pacey S, Baird R, Rosenfeld N (2017) Liquid biopsies come of age: towards implementation of circulating tumour DNA. Nat Rev Cancer 17(4):223–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Lu M, Qian J, Yang Y, Li S, Lu D, Yu S, Meng W, Ye W, Jin L (2009) Rationales, design and recruitment of the Taizhou longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 9(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Wu HJ, Fine D, Schmulen J, Hu Y, Godin B, Zhang JX, Liu X (2013) Ciliated micropillars for the microfluidic-based isolation of nanoscale lipid vesicles. Lab Chip 13(15):2879–2882

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Shan Q, Hou G, Zhang J, Bai J, Lv X, Xie Y, Zhu H, Su S, Li Y, Zi J (2016) Discovery of potential colorectal cancer serum biomarkers through quantitative proteomics on the colonic tissue interstitial fluids from the AOM–DSS mouse model. J Proteomics 132:31–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warton K, Lin V, Navin T, Armstrong NJ, Kaplan W, Ying K, Gloss B, Mangs H, Nair SS, Hacker NF, Sutherland RL (2014) Methylation-capture and next-generation sequencing of free circulating DNA from human plasma. BMC Genet 15(1):1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Warton K, Mahon KL, Samimi G (2016) Methylated circulating tumor DNA in blood: power in cancer prognosis and response. Endocr Relat Cancer 23(3):R157–R171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weber M, Davies JJ, Wittig D, Oakeley EJ, Haase M, Lam WL, Schuebeler D (2005) Chromosome-wide and promoter-specific analyses identify sites of differential DNA methylation in normal and transformed human cells. Nat Genet 37(8):853–862

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weigel MT, Dowsett M (2010) Current and emerging biomarkers in breast cancer: prognosis and prediction. Endocr Relat Cancer 17(4):R245–R262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss G, Schlegel A, Kottwitz D, König T, Tetzner R (2017) Validation of the SHOX2/PTGER4 DNA methylation marker panel for plasma-based discrimination between patients with malignant and nonmalignant lung disease. J Thorac Oncol 12(1):77–84

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf P (1967) The nature and significance of platelet products in human plasma. British Journal of Haematology 13(3):269–288

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2018) Guide to cancer early diagnosis [Internet]. World Health Organization; [cited 2022 Jan 11]. Available at: https://www.who.int/cancer/publications/cancer_early_diagnosis/en/

  • Xie Y, Chen L, Lv X, Hou G, Wang Y, Jiang C, Zhu H, Xu N, Wu L, Lou X, Liu S (2016) The levels of serine proteases in colon tissue interstitial fluid and serum serve as an indicator of colorectal cancer progression. Oncotarget 7(22):32592

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xu RH, Wei W, Krawczyk M, Wang W, Luo H, Flagg K, Yi S, Shi W, Quan Q, Li K, Zheng L (2017) Circulating tumour DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Mater 16(11):1155–1161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Yang J, Gao Y, Zhao L, Liu L, Qin Y, Wang X, Song T, Huang C (2014) Identification of potential serum proteomic biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 9(11):e111364

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yao W, Mei C, Nan X, Hui L (2016) Evaluation and comparison of in vitro degradation kinetics of DNA in serum, urine and saliva: a qualitative study. Gene 590(1):142–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yepes D, Costina V, Pilz LR, Hofheinz R, Neumaier M, Findeisen P (2014) Multiplex profiling of tumor-associated proteolytic activity in serum of colorectal cancer patients. PROTEOMICS Clin Appl 8(5–6):308–316

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo MW, Park J, Han HS, Yun YM, Kang JW, Choi DY, Lee JW, Jung JH, Lee KY, Kim KP (2017) Discovery of gastric cancer specific biomarkers by the application of serum proteomics. Proteomics 17(6):1600332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka Y, Kosaka N, Konishi Y, Ohta H, Okamoto H, Sonoda H, Nonaka R, Yamamoto H, Ishii H, Mori M, Furuta K (2014) Ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy of circulating extracellular vesicles using ExoScreen. Nat Commun 5(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youlden DR, Cramb SM, Dunn NA, Muller JM, Pyke CM, Baade PD (2012) The descriptive epidemiology of female breast cancer: an international comparison of screening, incidence, survival and mortality. Cancer Epidemiol 36(3):237–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HT, Tian EB, Chen YL, Deng HT, Wang QT (2015a) Proteomic analysis for finding serum pathogenic factors and potential biomarkers in multiple myeloma. Chin Med J 128(8):1108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Yuan X, Shi H, Wu L, Qian H, Xu W (2015b) Exosomes in cancer: small particle, big player. J Hematol Oncol 8(1):1–3

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Lee WN, Xiao GG (2009) Quantitative proteomics and biomarker discovery in human cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 6(2):115–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interests

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK

    Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily

  2. Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily

Authors
  1. Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Ibrahim Elewaily .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden

    Nima Rezaei

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Elewaily, M.I. (2023). Blood-Based Cancer Screening/Early Cancer Detection. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Handbook of Cancer and Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80962-1_322-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80962-1_322-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80962-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80962-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation