Abstract
Immunoglobulin G is a prevalent glycoprotein, whose downstream immune responses are partially mediated by the N-glycans within the fragment crystallisable domain. Collectively termed the N-glycome, it is considered a complex intermediate phenotype: an amalgamation of genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and health behaviours over the life-course. Thus, the immunoglobulin G N-glycome may provide an indication of health status on the spectrum from health to disease and infirmary. Although variability exists within and between populations, composition of the immunoglobulin G N-glycome remains stable over short periods of time. This underscores the potential of harnessing the immunoglobulin G N-glycome as an ideal tool for preclinical disease risk prediction, stratification, and prognosis through the development of precise dynamic biomarkers.
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Abbreviations
- A/G Ratio:
-
Android/Gynoid Ratio
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ADCC:
-
Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- CCA:
-
Canonical correlation analysis
- CH:
-
Constant heavy
- CL:
-
Constant light
- CRP:
-
C-reactive protein
- Fab:
-
Fragment antigen binding
- FBG:
-
Fasting blood glucose
- Fc:
-
Fragment crystallisable
- FcR:
-
Fragment crystallisable receptor
- gQTL:
-
Quantitative trait loci of N-glycosylation
- GWAS:
-
Genome-wide association study
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- ICD:
-
International Classification of Diseases
- IgG:
-
Immunoglobulin G
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- MBL:
-
Mannose-binding lectin
- MetS:
-
Metabolic syndrome
- PD:
-
Parkinson’s disease
- PTM:
-
Post-translational modification
- RA:
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
- SHS:
-
Suboptimal health status
- SLE:
-
Systemic lupus erythematosus
- T2DM:
-
Type-2 diabetes mellitus
- TC:
-
Total cholesterol
- TG:
-
Triglycerides
- UPLC:
-
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- VH:
-
Variable heavy
- VL:
-
Variable light
- WHO:
-
World Health Organisation
- WHR:
-
Waist-to-hip ratio
- WHtR:
-
Waist-to-height ratio
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Acknowledgment
This book chapter was partially supported by Australia–China International Collaborative Grant (NHMRC APP1112767-NSFC 81561128020). Parts of the data and presented figures in this chapter have previously been published in our earlier articles, which are referenced.
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The two authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
The studies discussed in this book chapter have ethical approval from each institution. All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
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Russell, A., Wang, W. (2021). The Rapidly Expanding Nexus of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycomics, Suboptimal Health Status, and Precision Medicine. In: Pezer, M. (eds) Antibody Glycosylation. Experientia Supplementum, vol 112. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_17
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