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The Rapidly Expanding Nexus of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycomics, Suboptimal Health Status, and Precision Medicine

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Antibody Glycosylation

Part of the book series: Experientia Supplementum ((EXS,volume 112))

Abstract

Immunoglobulin G is a prevalent glycoprotein, whose downstream immune responses are partially mediated by the N-glycans within the fragment crystallisable domain. Collectively termed the N-glycome, it is considered a complex intermediate phenotype: an amalgamation of genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and health behaviours over the life-course. Thus, the immunoglobulin G N-glycome may provide an indication of health status on the spectrum from health to disease and infirmary. Although variability exists within and between populations, composition of the immunoglobulin G N-glycome remains stable over short periods of time. This underscores the potential of harnessing the immunoglobulin G N-glycome as an ideal tool for preclinical disease risk prediction, stratification, and prognosis through the development of precise dynamic biomarkers.

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Abbreviations

A/G Ratio:

Android/Gynoid Ratio

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CCA:

Canonical correlation analysis

CH:

Constant heavy

CL:

Constant light

CRP:

C-reactive protein

Fab:

Fragment antigen binding

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

Fc:

Fragment crystallisable

FcR:

Fragment crystallisable receptor

gQTL:

Quantitative trait loci of N-glycosylation

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

ICD:

International Classification of Diseases

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MBL:

Mannose-binding lectin

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PTM:

Post-translational modification

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

SHS:

Suboptimal health status

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

T2DM:

Type-2 diabetes mellitus

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglycerides

UPLC:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography

VH:

Variable heavy

VL:

Variable light

WHO:

World Health Organisation

WHR:

Waist-to-hip ratio

WHtR:

Waist-to-height ratio

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Acknowledgment

This book chapter was partially supported by Australia–China International Collaborative Grant (NHMRC APP1112767-NSFC 81561128020). Parts of the data and presented figures in this chapter have previously been published in our earlier articles, which are referenced.

Disclosure of Interests

The two authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

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The studies discussed in this book chapter have ethical approval from each institution. All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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Russell, A., Wang, W. (2021). The Rapidly Expanding Nexus of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycomics, Suboptimal Health Status, and Precision Medicine. In: Pezer, M. (eds) Antibody Glycosylation. Experientia Supplementum, vol 112. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_17

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