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Qualitative Data and Approaches to Population–Environment Inquiry

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International Handbook of Population and Environment

Part of the book series: International Handbooks of Population ((IHOP,volume 10))

Abstract

This chapter highlights the contribution of qualitative methods for understanding the population–environment nexus. A brief overview is offered of a variety of qualitative methods: in-depth interview, focus groups, participant observation, ethnography, and drawing. Then, the chapter presents three concrete examples of population–environment research aimed at illustrating the selection and application of appropriate tools to build qualitative knowledge. These research examples engage various time periods and diverse settings, and they combine to illustrate core dimensions of qualitative investigation including diverse methodologies such as interviews, participatory mapping, participant observation, and observant participation, photo-language, and the use of a game. The first example addresses the intersection between scientific and local knowledge, the second explores individuals’ experiences within their environment, and the third illustrates the participatory action research process. Within the description of each example, the decision-making processes around data collection and analysis are detailed. In each case, the process of interpretation is also described.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This term, used in the social sciences but also in human geography, describes “a technique used by researchers whereby one contact, or participant, is used to help recruit another, which in turn puts the researcher in contact with another” (Clifford et al., 2010, p. 535.). The number of participants increases rapidly or forms a “snowball.”

  2. 2.

    There is a long tradition of measuring the intensity of emotions related to environmental setting in environmental psychology (Russell & Lanius, 1984). More recently, emoticons have been used next to lexical-anchored scales and prove to be valid indicators (Phan et al., 2019).

  3. 3.

    This conceptualization of a PAR process should not suggest that PAR must necessarily correspond to a succession of predefined steps. PAR can be more or less formalized and seen as an emerging process (McIntyre, 2008), that is, “not something you always say at the beginning, but rather a progression that can be achieved with good intentions and committed actors” (Méndez et al., 2017).

  4. 4.

    Mainly, personal trajectory, information on cultivated varieties and seed management, perception of cereal and seed systems and their evolution, and priorities in action and research.

  5. 5.

    Bringing together a plurality of actors, this network facilitates the exchange of seeds and knowledge (Baltazar, 2019).

  6. 6.

    See section “Overview of qualitative methods and concerns”.

  7. 7.

    Note that qualitative approaches are often considered as “case specific.” The researcher’s responsibility is then to discuss the extent to which any place-specific finding is transferable to other places in the world. The main advantage of qualitative approaches lies in their ability to provide an in depth understanding of a particular issue, highlighting the multiplicity of interplaying factors. The risks lie in over-generalizing findings, which are better placed within a larger framework defined by quantitative approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geography Department and Institute of Life-Earth-Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium

    Sabine Henry, Sebastien Dujardin & Sofia Costa Santos Baltazar

  2. Geography Department and Transitions Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium

    Elisabeth Henriet

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  4. Sofia Costa Santos Baltazar
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  1. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Lori M. Hunter

  2. Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Clark Gray

  3. Campus Condorcet, National Institute for Demographic Studies, Aubervilliers Cedex, France

    Jacques Véron

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Henry, S., Dujardin, S., Henriet, E., Baltazar, S.C.S. (2022). Qualitative Data and Approaches to Population–Environment Inquiry. In: Hunter, L.M., Gray, C., Véron, J. (eds) International Handbook of Population and Environment. International Handbooks of Population, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_7

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