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Resistance to Biotic Stress: Theory and Applications in Maize Breeding

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Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Cereal Crops

Abstract

By virtue of its higher genetic diversity, maize has better adaptability to various climatic situations and has high yield potential than other cereals. However, the incidence of pests and diseases at different stages of the crop can reduce the yield drastically. Several strategies have been adopted to manage biotic stresses in maize to maintain the yielding ability. Apart from the chemical method of disease management, improving the crop for natural resistance has paid much dividend for sustainable maize production. With the advent of high throughput phenotyping method followed by genotyping, targeted trait improvement has become easy. Molecular marker technology—a non-destructive method—enables indirect selection of genotypes without exposing them to epiphytotic condition. This has been found to be efficient over existing traditional methods of screening followed by selection. The information on QTLs, novel genomic resources have provided better understanding of tolerance traits. Although GE technologies have been successful in development of genotypes to combat pathogens in important crops, they are not yet fully exploited for the management of insect pests. The most important limitation has been the lack availability of target genes at present against the insect pests. Genome editing is becoming powerful tool which enables the possibilities of developing resistant gene by targeted gene modification. Though maize is recalcitrant to regeneration, protoplast transient assay made easy the utilization of CRISPR technology in developing disease resistant maize. Institutional support followed by policy intervention makes new technological interventions finding way for improving crops. Social beliefs and ethical issues should be taken care while targeting next generation breeding approaches to develop insect or disease resistant maize.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    R. N. Gadag, Ganapati Mukri & K. Shilpa

  2. Regional Research Centre (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute), Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India

    Jayant S. Bhat

  3. Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Robin Gogoi

  4. ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    S. B. Suby & Abhijit Kumar Das

  5. ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Sarita Yadav

  6. Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Pranjal Yadava

  7. Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    M. L. Nithyashree

  8. All India Coordinated Research Project on Maize, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580005, India

    Gopalakrishna K. Naidu

  9. Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Sunil Kumar Yadav

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  1. R. N. Gadag
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  3. Ganapati Mukri
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  4. Robin Gogoi
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  9. M. L. Nithyashree
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  10. Gopalakrishna K. Naidu
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  11. Sunil Kumar Yadav
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  12. K. Shilpa
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Correspondence to Ganapati Mukri .

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  1. Raja Ramanna Fellow, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Gadag, R.N. et al. (2021). Resistance to Biotic Stress: Theory and Applications in Maize Breeding. In: Kole, C. (eds) Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Cereal Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75879-0_3

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