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Other Applications of Superconducting Magnets

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Superconductivity

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 214))

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Abstract

One area in which superconductivity has directly benefited the society is the health care. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), built around a superconducting magnet, is widely used world over for diagnostic purposes like imaging soft tissues of human body. MRI is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). High-resolution NMR spectrometers used for studying structure of most complex molecules require high magnetic field with high homogeneity and high temporal stability. Superconducting magnets run in persistent mode with power supply disconnected and produce field with unprecedented stability. High-field homogeneity is provided by the compensating coils and the shim coils. 1.2 GHz (~28.2 T) NMR spectrometers are commercially available with Nb–Ti/Nb3Sn/HTS combination magnets operating at 1.5–2.2 K. Another potential application is superconducting high-gradient magnetic separator (SHGMS) used to reduce magnetic impurities to ppm level in a variety of minerals. Superconducting magnet energy storage (SMES) is an ideal device to store large amount of energy and releasing it to the grid for load levelling and to balance short duration transient faults. It is used as an attractive pulse power source in strategic applications. Superconducting magnet in persistence mode stores an energy equal to ½ LI2. Large SMES with stored energy in TJ range for power network system and medium energy 400 MW (70 GJ) SMES for FEL-guided weapons were designed but not built. Micro 5 MVA and 10 MVA SMES have been built and put in use in Japan. All the SMES are designed and built with Nb–Ti superconductors. Attention is now focused on the design of magnets for all the applications based upon 2G REBCO-coated conductor which promises high critical current at elevated temperature, 30–50 K. All these HTS devices will be conduction cooled using cryocoolers and will become commercially competitive. There are many other applications like the Maglev trains largely developed in Japan but not commercialized yet. Superconducting rotating machines like motors and generators have been built for specific applications but not commercialized on cost considerations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India

    R. G. Sharma

  2. Formerly at National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    R. G. Sharma

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Sharma, R.G. (2021). Other Applications of Superconducting Magnets. In: Superconductivity. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 214. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7_12

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