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Ventilative Cooling and Air Pollutants

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Innovations in Ventilative Cooling

Part of the book series: PoliTO Springer Series ((PTSS))

Abstract

The majority of office and other non‑domestic buildings use mechanical cooling and ventilation, even when an optimized natural ventilation (NV) system could meet cooling and fresh air requirements. However, in most large cities, the outdoor environment is contaminated with a combination of noise, fine particles, heat and toxic gases. This contaminated environment has a detrimental impact on naturally ventilated buildings due to their lack of filtration and outdoor noise attenuation systems. This chapter presents a numerical analysis of the effect of fine particle pollution (PM2.5) on the NV potential of office buildings in California, Europe and Asia. Several years of measured weather and PM2.5 concentration data were used to perform dynamic thermal and airflow simulation analysis. Detailed simulation results show that a hybrid NV system can reduce the air‑conditioning and ventilation electricity consumption of a well‑designed office building by up to 83% (which can be increased to up to 93% by the availability of personal comfort systems), in comparison to an office using, during all working hours, a mechanical cooling and ventilation system equipped with a high‑efficiency particle filter. Unfortunately, in this hybrid approach, high levels of outdoor PM2.5 penetrate the indoor environment, increasing occupant cumulative exposure by up to six times. To overcome this problem, two exposure control approaches were tested. Using NV only during moments of low outdoor PM2.5 concentrations limits the exposure increase to up to three times but at the cost of reducing energy savings. Equipping NV openings with an electrostatic filter would result in a similar exposure reduction, but at a very low energy cost, taking full advantage of NV’s saving potential.

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  1. Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Guilherme Carrilho da Graça & Nuno R. Martins

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  1. Guilherme Carrilho da Graça
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  1. Department of Architecture and Design (DAD), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Giacomo Chiesa

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK

    Maria Kolokotroni

  3. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

    Per Heiselberg

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Carrilho da Graça, G., Martins, N.R. (2021). Ventilative Cooling and Air Pollutants. In: Chiesa, G., Kolokotroni, M., Heiselberg, P. (eds) Innovations in Ventilative Cooling. PoliTO Springer Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72385-9_5

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