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Innate Immunity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Age-related Macular Degeneration

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1256))

Abstract

Multiple lines of investigation have demonstrated that inflammation plays significant roles in etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although interventional trials in AMD therapy targeting inflammatory pathways have been conducted, they have not yet been successful and a detailed understanding as to why some have failed is still elusive. One limitation is the relative dearth of information on how immune cells interact with retinal cells to generate AMD phenotypes at each disease stage. Here, we summarize current research evidence and hypotheses regarding potential pathogenic roles of innate immune cells in the eye, which include resident retinal microglia, macrophages derived from infiltrating systemic monocytes, and macrophages resident in the choroid. We relate recent findings regarding the physiology, function, and cellular interactions involving innate immune cells in the retina and choroid to AMD-related processes, including: (1) drusen formation and regression, (2) the onset and spread of degeneration in late atrophic AMD, and (3) the initiation, growth, and exudation of neovascular vessels in late “wet” AMD. Understanding how innate immune cells contribute to specific AMD phenotypes can assist in generating a comprehensive view on the inflammatory etiology of AMD and aid in identifying anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies and selecting appropriate clinical outcomes for the planned interventions.

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  1. Wai T. Wong

    Present address: Retinal Disease, Janssen Research and Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA

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  1. Section on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Yikui Zhang & Wai T. Wong

  2. The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Yikui Zhang

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  1. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Emily Y. Chew

  2. Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Anand Swaroop

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Zhang, Y., Wong, W.T. (2021). Innate Immunity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: Chew, E.Y., Swaroop, A. (eds) Age-related Macular Degeneration. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1256. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_5

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