Abstract
In general, vibration-based condition assessment techniques rely on monitoring the changes in the modal frequencies of a structure, which may not provide an objective diagnosis in case of missing prior information. Instead, tracking and measuring the higher harmonics of the natural frequencies caused by any damage in the dynamic response of the structure can be used for the damage quantification. This type of nonlinear vibration-based monitoring can be realized by performing higher-order spectral (HOS) analysis, which is widely popular for the inspection of machinery systems, whereas limited studies are available regarding the civil engineering structures.
As a rare application, herein, a HOS based diagnostic technique is adapted to estimate the deterioration in corroded reinforced concrete members. The proposed diagnostic technique, which utilizes the higher order spectral analysis, is demonstrated on two laboratory-scale RC poles. The poles are first subjected to the impact vibration tests, and then the recorded transient signals are analyzed with the proposed technique to extract the diagnostic index which is a measure for the damage. The preliminary test results manage to discriminate the corroded pole from the intact one, whereas further study is planned to investigate the sensitivity of the diagnostic index with respect to the level of the damage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ASTM C597-16: Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2016)
ASTM C876-15: Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2015)
ASTM C1383-15: Standard Test Method for Measuring the P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using the Impact-Echo Method. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2015)
Brownjohn, J.M.W., de Stefano, A., Xu, Y., Wenzel, H., Aktan, A.E.: Vibration-based monitoring of civil infrastructure: challenges and successes. J. Civil Struct. Health Monitor. 1(3–4), 79–95 (2011)
Chandran, V., Elgar, S.: A general procedure for the derivation of principal domains of higher-order spectra. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(1), 229–233 (1994)
Collis, W.B., White, P.R., Hammond, J.K.: High order spectra: the bispectrum and trispectrum. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 12(3), 375–394 (1998)
Das, S., Saha, P., Patro, S.K.: Vibration-based damage detection techniques used for health monitoring of structures: a review. J. Civil Struct. Health Monitor. 6(3), 477–507 (2016)
Dong, G., Chen, J., Zhao, F.: A frequency-shifted bispectrum for rolling element bearing diagnosis. J. Sound Vibr. 339, 396–418 (2015)
Farrar, C.R., Hemez, F.M., Shunk, D.D., Stinemates, D.W., Nadler, B.R., Czarnecki, J.J.: A review of structural health monitoring literature: 1996–2001. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos (2004)
Gelman, L., Kirlangic, A.S.: Novel vibration structural health monitoring technology for deep foundation piles by non-stationary higher order frequency response function. Struct. Control Health Monitor. 27, e2526 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2526
Hillis, A.J., Neild, S.A., Drinkwater, B.W., Wilcox, P.D.: Global crack detection using bispectral analysis. Proc. Roy. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 462(2069), 1515–1530 (2006)
Hinich, M.J.: Testing for Gaussianity and linearity of a stationary series. J. Time Series Anal. 3(3), 169–176 (1982)
Jeffries, W.Q., Chambers, J.A., Infield, D.G.: Experience with bicoherence of electrical power for condition monitoring of wind turbine blades. IEE Proc. Vision Image Signal Process. 145(3), 141–148 (1998)
Kirlangic, A.S., Cascante, G., Polak, M.: Damage assessment of concrete beams with defects using surface waves. ACI Mater. J. 113(1), 73–81 (2016)
Sinha, J.K.: Higher order spectra for crack and misalignment identification in the shaft of a rotating machine. Struct. Health Monitor. 6(4), 325–334 (2007)
Xiang, Y., Tso, S.K.: Detection and classification of flaws in concrete structure using bispectra and neural networks. NDT E Int. 35(1), 19–27 (2002)
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Professor Giovanni Cascante from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Waterloo for providing the test equipment and the test specimens. This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) [Reintegration Grant, Project ID: 118C022].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kırlangıç, A.S. (2021). Estimation of Deterioration Due to Corrosion in the RC Members Using Higher Harmonics. In: Rizzo, P., Milazzo, A. (eds) European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring. EWSHM 2020. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 127. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64594-6_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64594-6_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64593-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64594-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)